The Theory Of The Glass Ceiling Metaphor Essay - 1628 Words

Theoretical perspectives Several theories have been utilized to guide research exploring the glass ceiling metaphor. The social role theory explains the labor division between men and women and the difference in their leadership style (Sabharal, 2015). Men are regarded as more agentic- aggressive, dominant, and independent. Women behaviors are more communal- empathetic, nurturing and kind. This theory posits that individuals might question the capacity of women in leadership roles, because requirements of leadership contradict the social role of women (Sabharwal, 2015). Because men majorly occupy leadership roles, it is largely assumed that leadership demands male-like personas. Therefore, women are judged less favorably when seeking management positions. Moreover, managers are less likely to promote women because of their social responsibility as mothers, which ascribe the primary responsibility of family (Sabharwal, 2015). Role incongruity and the perpetuating masculine stereotype contribute to the challen ges women face in leadership positions (Sabharwal, 2015). The social exclusion theory, first used in France, has also been applied to the study of the glass ceiling. Across disciplines of education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics, this theory examines the disadvantages of marginalized groups in societies. The theory contends that groups of people are systematically blocked from certain rights, opportunities and resources normally afforded to members of aShow MoreRelatedThe Glass Ceiling Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"the glass ceiling.† The theory of the glass ceiling that woman experience in the workplace has been around for decades. As this affects woman of all races, ages, and religions it was simple to find significant material. The article used here to examine this metaphor was written for the American Psychological Association for print in their Psychology of Women Quarterly series. It consists of several reviews of books about women’s issues in the workplace and this idea of the glass ceiling. TheRead MoreGender Is A Biological And Physiological Phenomenon2510 Words   |  11 Pagesplace is best defined by David Cotter (1984) and his Glass Ceiling Theory . Glass Ceiling Theory (Cotter, 1984: 655) defines his theory as an unofficial or unacknowledged barrier within an organisation’s hierarchy that prevents personal advancement, especially for women. The term ‘Glass Ceiling’ was popularised in the 1980’s and became an important concept in the workplace. The term evolved to include all minorities, with the word â€Å"ceiling† describing a barrier that women experience as they tryRead MoreWomen Leaders Who Broke Through the Glass Ceiling Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesCondoleezza Rice, Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Nancy Pelosi are four women leaders who have broken the glass ceiling in the world of politics and leadership. The one specific, predominant, and common characteristic that three of these superwomen possess that may be the reason for their success is their diplomatic ways and mirroring styles. Condoleezza Rice, Hillary Clinton, and Nancy Pelosi are the three leaders who have strategically incorporated the abil ity to mirror those they have dealingsRead MoreGender Diversity And Gender Discrimination1445 Words   |  6 Pagescontinuously feel underrepresented in the field of tech and find that it is hard to obtain top management positions. This is due to the many problems that women face while trying to pursue these positions. These problems include overcoming the glass ceiling, dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace, and women being placed into gender stereotypes. Summary of Article The article that I selected to do my assignment on is titled â€Å"100 Women: ‘I dye my hair brown to be taken more seriously at work’†Read MoreThe Resistance Of Female Leadership1430 Words   |  6 Pagestraditions, gender bias, organizational culture, and other phenomenological reasons play a role in the resistance to female clergy. Furthermore, the study results will provide an educational tool that may lessen the resistance to female clergy. The theory: There are historical phenomena involved such as events, gender bias, tradition, and mistranslation that continues to cause resistance to female leadership in Protestant churches in addition to, or unrelated to biblical beliefs. Significance ofRead More The History and Breakdown of the Glass Ceiling Essay2272 Words   |  10 PagesThe History and Breakdown of the Glass Ceiling The term the glass ceiling first came into use in 1986 when two Wall Street Journal reporters coined the phrase to describe the invisible barrier that blocks women from the top jobs in corporate America. (Glass Ceiling Commission,Successful Initiatives ). Since then the metaphor has also been applied to the barriers of minorities. The Glass Ceiling Effect has been around for approximately 50 years. In my opinion it is on its way out theRead MoreEssay on 2001 Space Odissey1727 Words   |  7 Pagesof humanity itself. The problem faced by Kubrik, and indeed the set designer was how to portray a near incomprehensible, purely conceptual journey on film. One theory sits with the idea of a metaphorical shift of entities: the room we see is a metaphor for the human body and respectively, Dave Bowman, the main character, becomes a metaphor for the human mind. One of the elements that makes this scene appear to be ambiguous is the absence of dialogue and meaningful audio accompaniment. This absenceRead MoreA Good Example Of The Melting Pot Theory953 Words   |  4 Pagessecondary labor market, they created their own firms and hired new fellow immigrants creating their own labor market. The melting pot theory is â€Å"a metaphor that implies the melting of cultures and intermarriage for ethnicities; a cultural assimilation of immigrants into one new land† (United States Bureau of the Census 1). A good example of the melting pot theory is the country of Colombia; a melting pot of races and ethnicities. The population is derived from three different racial groups: blacksRead MoreArtificial Barrier Keeping Women From Climbing The Corporate Ladder3055 Words   |  13 PagesArtificial Barrier Keeping Women From Climbing the Corporate Ladder: Will They Ever Break Through? Introduction: While the corporate environment has significantly progressed in terms of incorporating women and minorities into the work face, the glass ceiling still poses a threat in the environment for women. Fortune magazine periodically ranks and publishes a list of America’s largest companies. Crampton (1999) reports that among the Fortune 50 companies, only 1.3% of corporate officers were womenRead MoreWomen s Job Market And Qualifying For Senior Positions Essay2299 Words   |  10 Pages population structure and public value with different status of women labor force in senior professions. This essay aims to analyses the reasons for the gap in the number of women in senior positions between the two countries. When the metaphor The Glass Ceiling was first coined by Lawrence and HP manager Maryanne Schreiber (1979), much discussion about gender equality in workplace has been raised. This term is often used to draw attention from the public to the status of women who are trying to

New Era Marketing Engaging Businesses - 2104 Words

Research paper On NEW ERA MARKETING: ENGAGING BUSINESSES Written by : Prof. Shikha Ajmera Associate Professor, Taxila Business School Email id : shiks_a@yahoo.com Contact No : 09351528049 New Era Marketing : Engaging Businesses Abstract Marketing; the lifeline of businesses truly gives zest to the corporates and makes a striking difference to the brand and its equity. The ethos of marketing keeps changing with the times. As the customer becomes more knowledgeable, the customer contact through marketing plays a vital role in conversion of businesses. Today we talk about Marketing 3.0 i.e. the genre of marketing moving from products to customers and now to human spirit. If marketing touches and bonds relation with†¦show more content†¦These creative people are the innovators and in collaborative world (influenced by internet) they are the key source points who connect consumers with one another. One of the key characters of creative society is that people believe in self-actualization beyond their basic needs of survival. As complex human, they believe in the human spirit and listen to the deepest desires. The Age of customer advocacy: Today’s businesses are based on the firm representing the customer’s interest by providing them complete unbiased information, advice on which product is best for them, joint design of products and a partnership that breeds long-term loyalty. So it would be right if we say, â€Å"advocate for your customers and they will advocate for you†. Communitization: Technology other than connecting companies globally also propels the consumers towards communitization. As shared by Seth Godin, Succeeding in business requires the support of communities. Today’s customers organize themselves in pools, webs or hubs. These consumers share the same values even though they may not regularly interact. What keeps them together is strong affiliation towards the brand. Companies should recognize this and participate in serving the members of the communities. The age of Viral Marketing: Viral marketingShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Impact Of Convergence On The Traditional Marketing Industry1531 Words   |  7 Pagesconvergence on the traditional marketing industry. Review and identify the role of traditional siloed sectors of marketing, advertising and public relations. Identify the characteristics and points of difference between traditional and convergent approaches to marketing communication. List some of the potential points of integration. How does this impact clients? 1.A Convergence is always expanding and updating as existing networks are always being modified to offer new services. A study of 330Read MoreGood Morning Ladies And Gentlemen1173 Words   |  5 Pagesworld to a new era, a technological era where everything can be found by the click of a button. The internet has transformed from an idea into a necessity, with over 3 billion recorded users and growing. Two thirds of the internet’s users are also active on Social Mediums such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram (Kemp, 2015). Due to the increasing popularity of Social Media, it has become a key aspect of marketing campaigns and has introduced a whole new component to the marketing industryRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Consumer s Branding Preference Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesa method used by businesses no matter what they do or their size. It is more than just a logo design, it is a way to connect with consumers and be recognized in order to grow and prosper (Deluxe, 2015). In order to be continuously relevant with the constant developments and transformations, such as new technology and social media, producers must evolve and alter how consumers see their forms of branding. This attributes to comparing which ways have been successful for businesses. 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Every single day we are besieged by commercials that give insights on many different products and services. These commercials are one of the few ways marketing impacts our lives. Marketing is a business action that promotes business products to be sold or to be use in different aspects of services. Marketing is much more than just selling and advertising, it plays an essential role in providing consumers with need/satisfying

A Study on IT Security

Question: Discuss about theA Study on IT Security. Answer: Introduction Apple Inc. is the leader among technology companies throughout the world and has the best and brightest brains working for the development of software, consumers electronics, smart phones, computers and more. Today, Apple is known for its security and its privacy matters. The latest feud between the FBI and the Apple Inc. has highlighted the companys footing on the topic of security and privacy value. With millions of people investing in the Apples software and electronics, it surely applies that the company should also invest in proper security and services that are associated with the company. The companys strict policy requires that the company members are strict about what information they share to the outside worlds. It includes the various aspects that are important for the growth and development of the company. Being the leader in information technology it is quite obvious that other companies look up to Apple for the benchmark in security as well as from the technology standp oint it makes it important for the company to keep its reputation as a strict follower and also a company which takes security as an important matter(Lashinsky, 2014). Apple Inc is still the largest American com play that deals with technology and the development of new technologies. The company has been a rebel since the time it went live, focusing on new ways to evolve and innovating its services it is to be noted that the company is still the leader among the technology companies and through many small breaches have been made mostly Apple has made itself clear that it would make all necessary ways to create and maintain its status as a company that's dedicated towards security. The unprintable of the company's core values suggest that the company makes all possible ways to get to the optimum value of their services. But with more and more threats being made against the company it is true that the company should look into more ways to deal its security systems more dependable and ensure that no more such breaches are made (Schuler, 2000). The Current Security Situation of your Selected Organization The current security condition of Apple is stable as it has already mended the problems that have been known to create security problems earlier. The most of the matter has been updated through more rigid systems that are created using the new standards of the security measures which ensure that the product details are not leaked any more. The more amount of money is issued for the same purpose of security and thus it has been seen that the present condition with the changes applied the company has seen no more breaches. But leaking of product information and design has to be prevented in the future, today everyone has a Smartphone to carry with themselves at all point and clicking a picture is as easy as a seconds whim. To control that secret designs and techniques do not travel outside it is important for the people of the Apple Inc. to create better security, erasures (Johnson, 2012). What the Research Paper is About? The research paper highlights the many security problems that is being faced by the apple community and has been slowly addressed as the time passes. The most interesting part is that there have been an unsaid decorum within the community of workers at Apple who believe in the secrecy of their work yet there are people who will disregard their professional oath as well as the various problems that might be associated with leaking confidential designs and specification details but they do it for money. In this paper we highlight the various problems faced by apple and how the future company watts to handle the said situation. There are important roles for the people associated with looking after the product security as well as intellectual product security within Apple (Testa, 2006) The Company employs the best of the talents and is among the best and the most challenging workplaces to work in, but there is surely a better way to handle the security. Stringent measures are needed to l ook after the various problems that are associated with the high performing company like Apple. Such is the power of the Apple Inc. that it has won battles against the federal justice system which provides it ample backing it take certain measures to ensure that the intellectual property of their corporation does not learn the premises and does not become the asset of someone else (Testa, 2006) In the below research paper much has been said about the various security breaches concerning Apple Inc. These breaches have been a result of poor security or have been caused by people within the community. Though nearly impossible, the community does have its share of people who are not sure about the amount of secrecy that is needed to keep all the information perceived by the people working at the corporation (Lunenburg, 2010). Body Context Apple is a company that's involved in the innovation of some of the industry leading products and services which have been the benchmark standard for multiple years. The innovation and looks apart, something which has been the reason why the Apple products are so largely accepted and used is the importance of privacy and security of using an Apple product. The apple system is associated with the properly secure system of operating. The large Apple Inc. company has a great number of people working under the company to understand the importance for security and be true to their oath towards a secure work field. In order to create a good security program it is important that it should reflect back on important aspects like the roles that are currently included and also the roles and titles of the various people associated with the security. There is ample scope for development of the security aspect within the company. In the last few years there have been various cases where the much h yped about and secret designs of the upcoming products have been leaked, either through the invasion from external sourced to the internal information. The security breaches and the spillage of intellectual property on the internet should be ample reason for creating a better and more rigid security system. Apples internal security system is a close knit system which is held together by the oath of secrecy taken by each member of the team. Top development team as well as other members is trained to not disclose any details that is associated with the companys innovation or can disclose facts about the companys development of innovative products (Prantor, 2015). Apple has been closely guarding its intellectual properties and deems it the most important security concern. With millions of people ready to take a peek into the ongoing product development, Apple has been always under constant pressure from media to disclose the details. The employees too are immensely pressured for the safekeeping of the intellectual property. The employees at Apple are habituated with the security system thats in effect now which ensures that there are no ways for information leak. The recent Samsung legal battle made it possible for Apple to secure its innovation and technology and also incurred fines from the said competitor. In a company as large as Apple, there are multiple issues that can and need to be addressed. Over the years, the secure system of the Apple has been penetrated multiple times by external forces resulting in breach of security, theft of information and creative content. There are many security programs in effect at the Apple Inc. development centers for the aid of the employees but there are very less options for any breach of information. Still information has been transferred from within the corporation to the outside world and in many cases the media. The suppliers have been benefitted monetarily or through other compensation methods for supplying the information. This requires that Apple make sure that leaving employees as well as the present employees are bound into a professional secrecy bond which would prohibit them from sharing sensitive information about the company with the outer world. The company is also liable for ensuring that there are no ways for the employees to carry information about the new technologies outside (Mostovicz, 2015). The people who come in contact with the products or technologies who are not the original workers of apple should also be targeted and trained to contain the information properly (Kutsar, 2014). Overall Security Program The Security as the Apple Inc. is quite stringent with encryption which is military grade and which helps the different layers of information in the various sources to get transported digitally and through the different medium without being hacked. But there have been problems with it too. Since the inception of the company, the most important person in the History of Apple, Steve Jobs was highly interested in creating a secure phone which ensures that the persons associated with its usage are all protected from the prying eyes of the other users, or the government. The privacy and security of the customers have been an inseparable part of the culture of the company which it still riders important and ensures that all its devices are compliant of its privacy and security measures (Andolsek, 2013). While there are instances of the company letting its users down, it has accepted its mistakes and recovered itself in all situations. The main aspect of the recovery of the company is trusted to the innovative designs and its customer centric way of working. Interested in giving customers the easies t and safest way of doing anything makes them the best solution to any problems. Also with so many ways to increase sales it has not let security measures take a toll. Been today the Apple/s security is a benchmark of the category and ensures that the users not only have their data secured by also backed up for easy access. The various measures are taken for the safety of the intellectual properties within the Apple and the company takes ample measures to keep itself at the top of the innovation chart ensuring that there is no breach of security (Andolsek, 2013). The Security as the Apple Inc. is quite stringent with encryption which is military grade and which helps the different layers of information in the various sources to get transported digitally and through the different medium without being hacked. But there have been problems with it too. Since the inception of the company, the most important person in the History of Apple, Steve Jobs was highly interested in creating a secure phone which ensures that the persons associated with its usage are all protected from the prying eyes of the other users, or the government (Griffin, 2009). The privacy and security of the customers have been an inseparable part of the culture of the company which it still riders important and ensures that all its devices are compliant of its privacy and security measures. While there are instances of the company letting its users down, it has accepted its mistakes and recovered itself in all situations. The main aspect of the recovery of the company is truste d to the innovative designs and its customer centric way of working. Interested in giving customers the easies t and safest way of doing anything makes them the best solution to any problems. Also with so many ways to increase sales it has not let security measures take a toll. Been today the Apple/s security is a benchmark of the category and ensures that the users not only have their data secured by also backed up for easy access. The various measures are taken for the safety of the intellectual properties within the Apple and the company takes ample measures to keep itself at the top of the innovation chart ensuring that there is no breach of security (Limited ,Red Pixels Ventures , 2016). Professional Plan of Training Requirements There will be a large requirement for the training of the new staff for the new and more stringent security systems. There should be enough time for the staff to understand ad apprehend the changes they will face in the coming days in order for the system to work properly there will be a need for the administrators and the Chief Security Officer to jointly create a plan to educate and provide the information about the new processes and the new notions. The main aspect for this has been achieved by the fact that the there is a need for proper training of the staff and other workers how are associated with the company. The company requires its all workers to be properly knowledgeable and know the various limits that are posed upon the, people and they should be made aware of the new ways utilize the existing systems and also reap maximum the benefits of the new systems. The changes in administration and planning should be properly notified to the people concerned for better results. Th is can also be done with applying certain rules and limitations which ensures that not everyone has equal rights to the information especially sensitive information that can be used against the company. The main impact of this will be seen among the less option for people to leak information or become s treat to the security to the compact or its assets, Another important aspect is to be noted that also keeping a check on the people who are being involved with the development of approdict should be selected carefully and after checking every aspect of their personality toensure that they adhere to the terms mentioned to them at the time o joining of the durries. They should be able to handle their professional oath of secret and should not give in to the media (Adams ,Susan , 2015). ISO Security Standards The ISO 27001system compels the standard for the security of the company and the standards that the company should maintain in order to attain and keep up with the market standers. The company Apple Inc. should try to attain and even cross the benchmarks set by the international governing bodies. The security standards allow the company t assess he minimum requirements for the company to attain the minimum skills (Johnson, 2012). Information Security Certifications There have been many security concerns that have made Apples integrity and security systems under the microscope. There have been multiple cases where Apple has been unable to provide proper explanation for the security breaches within its esteemed iOS software. Also there have been multiple cases of information leak. The apple inc has been fast to comprehend the situation by improving its security as well as subjecting its system to a multiple of Security Certifications which have given them back their states as a safe software which prevents information loss and theft for the company and the esteemed users of the companys products. The Apples main focus has been with privacy and with the latest few security breaches, the same took a hard hit when there have been multiple cases of information leak (Isaacson, 2011) Risk Assessment There are multiple risks associated with the inclusion of new terms for the Security systems for Apple. The main reason for this is that the huge amount of staff is required to be trained and informed about the change of the systems and features. The most important aspects of the change of security is that there should be more control over what the staff can share about their workplace and how much they should be informed . Being always under the medias gaze, it is important that the people involved are always informed about the treats and the bindings they have about the information about the company and its innovative parodys. Serious assessment should be done as to what the impacts of the new system could be for the better assessment of the problems that can be created with the new use of products and security services (Nonaka, 1991). Conclusion The Apple Inc. is a company that's dedicated to the safety and security of its users. The main issue associated with Apple is that it requires improving its security for better and industry leading standards. The internal security system of Apple is also quite serious as the company follows strict intellectual and creative security measurements as to the betterment of the company. Apple believes that the employees get paid to work and innovate for the company, so the details and information is only the company's to explore and no employee can share it with anyone, not even their spouses. This makes it important that the company includes a high and advanced intellectual property rights and security. The fleet of 66,000+ employees as on 1st January 2015 is needed to be protected and officered the multinational company in order to make use of a proper security plan and proceed on the steps laid out by the plan. Only through improved planning, better innovation and better security system s, apple will be able to protect its creativity, its innovations and progress into the development of new and better products. In this age of security, being integral in the approach and ales being a step ahead in time is required to attain the best solutions. The company surely needs to focus on keeping their customer happy and content; also there is a need for more stringent security systems and far more strict terms for workers with respect to the leak of information. References Adams ,Susan , 2015. Is Apple The World's Most Innovative Company?. [Online] Available at: www.forbes.com/sites/chrismyers/2016/06/29/take-it-from-hamilton-why-unyielding-ambition-is-a-blessing-and-a-curse-for-entrepreneurs/#9c5671f644ba [Accessed 01 July 2016]. Andolsek, D. M., 2013. Human Resource Managers and Employees Rights, s.l.: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Griffin, R. W., 2009. Management Houghton Miffin Company, New york: Library of Congress. Isaacson, W., 2011. Steve Jobs. illustrated, reprint ed. s.l.:Simon and Schuster. Johnson, K., 2012. The Innovative Success that is Apple, Inc.. The Wall Street Journal, pp. 1-42. Johnson, K., 2012. The Innovative Success that is Apple, Inc.. The Wall Street Journal, 3(1), pp. 1-43. Kutsar, V., 2014. Leadership Analysis Using Management Tools: Steve Jobs. American International Journal of Contemporary Research . Lashinsky, A., 2014. Inside Apple: How America's Most Admired-And Secretive-Company Really Works. s.l.:Business Plus. Limited ,Red Pixels Ventures , 2016. APPLE PHONES. [Online] Available at: gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/apple-phones [Accessed 01 July 2016]. Lunenburg, F. C., 2010. The Interview as a Selection Device:Problems and Possibilities. International Journal Of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity. Mostovicz, E., 2015. A Dynamic Theory of Leadership Development, s.l.: Leadership Organization Development Journal. Nonaka, I., 1991. Towards a new theory of innovation management:A case study comparing Canon, Inc. and Apple Computer, Inc. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 8(8), pp. 67-83. Prantor, N., 2015. Working with and leading people, s.l.: Field Guide to Case Study Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure. Schuler, R. S., 2000. The internationalization of human resource management. Journal of International Management, pp. 239 - 260. Testa, J., 2006. The Thomson Scientific journal selection process. International Microbiology , pp. 135-138.

In on the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, Mary Essays - Ethics

In on the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, Mary Anne Warren discusses a few arguments against abortion, namely bringing into play whether the fetus is actually a person, or "not a member of the moral community". She defends that abortion is a morally sound action. Don Marquis, in his essay An Argument that Abortion is Wrong, takes the opposite stance. He claims, "that abortion, except perhaps in rare instances, is seriously wrong". The first thing we read in Warren's article is the thought experiment first conceived by Judith Thomson. It's an analogy that uses a normal person, male or female, and a famous violinist. Let's say the Society of Music Lovers kidnaps you, and hooks you up to this dying violinist. If you choose to unhook yourself, the violinist will die, but if you let him stay hooked up to you to use your kidneys, then he will be cured and both of you will be free. Thomson asks what a person's obligations in this situation are, and, to be consistent with Warren's argument, she says it would be ridiculous to be stay in bed with the violinist, and thus you are able to leave at any time. You shouldn't feel responsible for the death of the violinist. But Marquis, in his essay, points out that, while good for dealing with abortions due to rape, the analogy doesn't hold up. Thomson draws to our attention that in pregnancy a fetus uses the woman's body for life-support, but the woman doesn't use a fetus's body for life support. Thus, in an abortion the life that is lost is the fetus's, not the woman's. This leaves us with a standoff. I think this overall analogy is not significantly helpful for either side of the argument. Warren then discusses whether or not abortion is actually the killing of a "person", calling into question when a fetus matures to the point of personhood. She defines the moral community as having some of these six characteristics: sentience (capacity to have conscious experiences), emotionality (capacity to feel sad, angry, happy, etc.), reason (capacity to solve new and relatively complex problems), capacity to communicate (by any means), self-aware ness (concept of oneself), and finally moral agency (capacity to regulate one's own actions). This is clearly very sketchy, because infants and mentally or physically challenged people are still referred to and thought of as "people", or "members of the moral community", despite a lack of many of these traits. Both articles address this idea of personhood, but neither one really wins. The good thing with defining personhood biologically, saying it's a person at conception, quantifies itit gives a definitive time, not some subjective date when certain sentient or reasoning qualities are met, and this lessens the confusion. But I still agree somewhat with the view held by Warren that fetuses can't reason or fend for themselves nor do really anything other than exist. So again, I don't think either side has a stronger case, because both Warren and Marquis have points that basically offset one another. An interesting thing that Marquis then does is go on to talk about FLO, or "future like ours". He claims that killing deprives a person of a future that is like ours, and says that abortion is killing a fetus that will have a future like ours. Taking someone's entire future away from them is the worst of crimes, and he argues that abortion is this kind of deprivation of future. Killing an adult is an awful thing to do because it takes away that adult's future, a future that is of great value. The same goes for aborted fetusesthey had a future that would be valued but it was taken away from them. Warren also argues that a woman has a right to life, so she can make a decision that she sees fit, since her body belongs to her and only her. In response to this, Marquis says that, except during rape (when he believes it is permissible), a fetus has just as much of a right to life as the woman, and therefore an abortion is wrong. Marquis concludes that abortion is seriously wrong, except in unusual cases (rape, incest,

Citing Conference Proceedings - Harvard Style

Citing Conference Proceedings - Harvard Style Citing Conference Proceedings – Harvard Style Every now and then, intellectuals climb down from their ivory towers and gather to swap ideas and discuss research. These are known as academic conferences and often serve as the ground from which new ideas grow. As such, you may need to cite conference proceedings – the collected presentations given at a conference in published form – when writing a paper. Most referencing systems have a format for how to cite this kind of source, so it’s important to familiarize yourself with the rules. Herein we provide details of how to cite conference proceedings using Harvard style referencing. There are other referencing systems available, though, so remember to check which system your college or school prefers. Published Proceedings The papers presented at a conference are often published as a collection known as the conference proceedings. If you need to cite the entire proceedings of a conference, the format to use is: Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Full Title of Conference Proceedings. Conference Location, Date. City of Publication, Publisher. So, for example, if you were citing the proceedings of the Third Annual Proofed Conference as a whole, it would appear in your reference list as: Proofed (2015). Proceedings of the Third Annual Proofed Conference. Cambridge, May 24-27, 2015. Cambridge, PMP Publications. More commonly, you’ll want to cite one paper from published conference proceedings. In this case, your reference should include the specific paper you’re citing followed by where it can be found: Author Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title of Paper, Full Title of Conference. Location, Date. City of Publication, Publisher, page range. If, then, you wanted to cite Alan Presenter’s paper from the Third Annual Proofed Conference, it would appear in your reference list as: Presenter, A. (2015) The Glory of Conferences, Proceedings of the Third Annual Proofed Conference. Cambridge, May 24-27, 2015. Cambridge, PMP Publications, pp. 105-127. You may also need to include access details for papers found online (e.g., a URL and a date of access). Unpublished Presentations More occasionally, you may want to cite a presentation you saw at a conference, but which isn’t available in published form. In these cases, you’ll need to provide the following details in your reference list: Contributor’s Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title of Presentation, paper presented at Title of Conference. Location, Date. If you were to cite Alan Presenter’s paper before it was published, the reference list entry would therefore look like this: Presenter, A. (2015) The Glory of Conferences, paper presented at Proceedings of the Third Annual Proofed Conference. Cambridge, MA, May 24-27, 2015.

Heinekens Internal Processes,Mission and Vision Research Paper

Heinekens Internal Processes,Mission and Vision - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that despite its origin in Dutch, Heineken has made a significant presence in the two Americas, owing to the massive business opportunities in the region. The company entered the American market and Latin America in the early 20th century following the slackening of regulations in the region. And in 2010, Heineken entered into strategic acquisitions of beer companies in the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. In the latter two countries, Heineken settled for FEMSA. The organization’s internal processes revolve around managing risks through effective control systems. These measures, according to the company, ease its identification of the risks for better interventions in order to realize its operational and pecuniary goals. In addition, these internal mechanisms enable the company’s operations to be in line with relevant laws and policies in the countries within the two Americas. The company relies on a system of control for prop er processing and release of financial statements. In light of these, Heineken’s internal control mechanisms form the central part of their internal management processes. Heineken is renowned for its push for quality of goods and financial restraint. The company encourages an entrepreneurial culture across organizational levels so as to obtain opportunities that foster continuity in terms of business development and creativity, whilst absorbing controlled risks. Heineken International argues that the carefully structured customized portfolio per country and the rigorous balance sheet depict the brewer’s risk appetite. Regardless, in competitive markets like North America’s and emerging South America’s, achieving financial restraint where proper marketing expenditure pays out has been relatively counterproductive to Heineken.

Animal Experimentation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animal Experimentation - Research Paper Example As a result, The use of animals in scientific experiments increased dramatically especially after the discovery of anesthetics in mid-nineteenth century; the number of non-human animals used in scientific investigations in UK alone increased from one million per year in early nineteenth century to exceed five millions per year in the 1970s. This huge increase in the use of animals for research purposes was paralleled with an increase in the resistance and oppositions to animal testing. The animal testing controversy involves three sides; a group that is in favor of using animals for medical research debating that human superiority to animals justifies the use of animals in experiments. On the other hand, there is group of people who opposes the use of animals in experiments for ethical concerns. Obviously, both of these two sides are extreme; we cannot allow animals to suffer just based on the proponent’s claim nor can we stop animal tests due to the fact that it would stop hu mans from advancing in medical fields. This controversy resulted in new laws and regulations such as, the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) that limits the number of animals that should be tested and the level of pain an animal can endure. Although, of course, experimenting on animals should be regulated, discontinuing this practice must never happen since it would negatively impact the advancement in the medical fields which will affect both humans’ race and non-human animals. The anti- animal testing movement argues that animals have the same rights as humans and therefore we should not be carrying out experiments on them. Tom Regan, a professor at the North Carolina University, argues that animals have similar emotions to our emotional beings, and considering them inferior species is similar to racism. According to Charles Darwin, best known as the father of evolution, humans are different from other species in â€Å"degree† not in â€Å"kind†. Thus Regan believes tha t â€Å"speciesism† which points to the view that the specie that we belong to is superior to other species is the same as racism and sexism. Furthermore, the response that we would get if we ask ourselves what gives us the right to carry experiments on animal for our benefits would be that we humans are more intelligent than other animals. But what about the case of infants or some mentally disabled patients, wouldn’t there be some animals that are more intelligent in comparison to these two examples? So, animals that are less intelligent than humans shall not be tested for human benefits unless we are ready to scarify some of our specie members. Similar to the philosophy of human rights which state that all people should be treated equally, animal rights as well demand that all animals should be equally treated, which prevent the harm of individuals to benefits other(). Humans as well as other animals experience life, and their rights to live and treated equally shou ld not be ignored. Why should animals be the victims of enduring harmful and procedural experiments that would yield benefits that are mostly useful for humans? The answer to this question is the fact there is not many alternative, and only animals are qualified for carrying out medical experiments. The limitation of sources to gain essential information is the reason why animals are used in experiments; there are no computers