Definition and Examples of Sarcasm

Sarcasm is a mocking, often ironic or satirical remark, sometimes intended to wound as well as amuse. Adjective: sarcastic. A person adept at using sarcasm is sarcastic. Also known in rhetoric as  sarcasm and the bitter taunt. Sarcasm, says  John Haiman,   is  a particularly transparent variety  of cheap talk or hot air insofar as the speaker is overtly meaning (and saying) the opposite of what he or she ostensibly claims to be saying (Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language, 1998). Pronunciation: sar-KAZ-um ​​​Etymology: From the Greek, bite the lips in rage Examples and Observations Oh, a sarcasm detector. That’s a really useful invention!(Comic Book Guy, The SimpsonsOh, Lou, my mother would whine, dressed for a cocktail party in her muted, earth-tone caftan. Youre not going to wear that, are you?Whats wrong with this? hed ask. These pants are brand-new.New to you, shed say. Pimps and circus clowns have been dressing that way for years.(David Sedaris, The Womens Open. Naked. Little, Brown and Company, 1997Dr. House: So youre treating professional sports injuries now?Patient: Oh, no, Im not . . .Dr. House: . . . familiar with the concept of sarcasm. Dont sweat it, its new.(Dying Changes Everything, House, M.D.Abed: Another muffin basket, from another actress who wants to be in my next film.Jeff: Does that work?Abed: Yep. Meryl Streep has two Oscars because of her baking. Ah, thats sarcasm, but I forgot to inflect. This sounds way more like sarcasm. Inflection is so interesting.[Abed should have said intonation, not inflection.](Danny Pudi as Abed and Joel McHale as Jeff in Communication Studies. Community, Feb. 11, 2010Neither irony or sarcasm is argument.(Samuel Butler)First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic. Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.(John Haiman, Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language. Oxford University Press, 1998 Irony and Sarcasm Classical rhetoricians admired irony as a rhetorical device primarily because of its ability to engage the audiences interest. . . .However, as Aristotle pointed out, irony frequently implies contempt for its target and therefore it must be used carefully. Moreover, while Aristotle observed that irony befit[s] a gentleman, he warns that to be most effective, [t]he jests of the ironical man [should be] at his own expense, not at the expense of others. . . .For example, when [Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Antonin Scalia accuses] the Court of misleadingly describing its previous sex-classification cases, Scalias sarcasm is patent: The wonderful thing about these statements is that they are not actually false--just as it would not be actually false to say that our cases have thus far reserved the beyond a reasonable doubt standard of proof for criminal cases, or that we have not equated tort actions, for all purposes to criminal prosecutions. He is equally sarcastic elsewhere.(Michael H. Frost, Introduction to Classical Legal Rhetoric: A Lost Heritage. Ashgate, 2005) Contrary to frequent usage, irony, the device, does not always communicate sarcasm, the effect. The speaker or authors rhetorical goal may be anything from gentle humor, intended to produce a mutual laugh and so establish rapport between speaker and hearer, to corrosive derision meant to insult the audience or reduce a target to a smoking ruin. What is attempted or achieved (the speech act or illocutionary dimension of the utterance) depends, as always, on the variables of the rhetorical situation, and on how the device and its detection contribute to those variables.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion. Oxford Univ. Press, 2011)Let it be first provided that this figure (sarcasmus) be not used without some great cause which may well deserve it, as arrogancie, insolent pride, wilfull folly, shamefull lecherie, ridiculous avarice, or such like, for it is both folly and rudenesse to use derision without cause: but to mocke silly people, innocents, or men in misery, or the poore in distresse, argueth both the pride of the mind, and the crueltie of the heart.(Henry Peachum, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593)Adrian Monk: This is my assistant, Sharona.Ambrose Monk: Hello, we spoke on the phone.Adrian Monk: Oh, so you can dial a telephone! I was worried. I thought you might be paralyzed, or something.Ambrose Monk: I wasnt paralyzed.Adrian Monk: I was being sarcastic.Ambrose Monk: You were being sardonic. Sarcasm is a contemptuous ironic statement. You were being mockingly derisive. Thats sardonic.(Tony Shalhoub and John Turturro in Mr. Monk and the Three Pies. Monk, 2004)Whatever the reason, I was saddled with this strange name, which meant that I was constantly, constantly, being serenaded with the sometimes you feel like a nut Almond Joy/Mounds jingle, which I would have liked to quote in full, except that Hersheys legal staff denied me permission. I can certainly understand why. God only knows what ruin might befall Hersheys if this j ingle--which hasnt been used in two decades--were suddenly brazenly resurrected by a young Jewish candy freak. One shudders to consider the fallout for the entire fragile candy-trademark-jingle trademark ecosystem.(Steve Almond, Candyfreak, 2004)Sarcasm is related to our ability to understand other peoples mental state. It is not just a linguistic form; it is also related to social cognition.(Dr. Shannon-Tsoory, qtd. by David Adam, Highest Brain Areas Spot Lowest Form of Wit. The Guardian, June 2, 2005)Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the devil; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it.(Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, 1833-34) The Lighter Side of Sarcasm Teen 1: Oh, here comes that cannonball guy. Hes cool.Teen 2: Are you being sarcastic, dude?Teen 1: I dont even know anymore.Homerpalooza, The Simpsons) Leonard: You convinced me. Maybe tonight we should sneak in and shampoo her carpet.Sheldon: You dont think that crosses the line?Leonard: Yes. For Gods sake, Sheldon, do I have to hold up a sarcasm sign every time I open my mouth?Sheldon: You have a sarcasm sign?(Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons in The Big Bran Hypothesis. The Big Bang Theory, 2007)Leonard: Hey, Penny. Hows work?Penny: Great! I hope Im a waitress at the Cheesecake Factory for my whole life!Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: No.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: Yes.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Leonard: Stop it!(Johnny Galecki, Kaley Cuoco, and Jim Parsons in The Financial Permeability. The Big Bang Theory, 2009)

Born February 12, 1809, Charles Robert Darwin Was An English

Born February 12, 1809, Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. Best known for his bold scientific approach in explaining â€Å"transmutation† or evolution, as it is recently termed, of natural selection. Formulating his theory secretly from 1837-39, after returning aboard the HMS Beagle from a voyage around the world. Charles Darwin published his evolution theory, in his book entitled ‘On the Origin of Species’ two decades after his return in 1959. Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory or Darwinism is considered to be the â€Å"change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations, as a result of natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals, and resulting in the development of new†¦show more content†¦Others believe in Darwin’s theory of natural selection, where it all started about five millions year ago. It is said that there were once apes, different to the known species of the 20th century that advanced genetically as time progressed. Beliefs are held that these apes or Hominines evolved becoming bipedal causing them to walk up right, and their babies to be twisted and turned to pass through the birth canal. Overtime their cognitive abilities allowed them to generate new ideas to build new tools that also increased survival and reproduction. Darwin believed that humans, apes and chimpanzees all share a common ancestry. â€Å"The recent sequencing of the gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo genomes confirms that supposition and provides a clearer view of how we are connected: chimps and bonobos in particular take pride of place as our nearest living relatives, sharing approximately 99 percent of our DNA, with gorillas trailing at 98 percent† (Wong, 2014). Fossil records today strengthen Darwin’s theory as results concluded that the phylogenic of species and ontogeny of human s evolved from an organism known as the great ape or Hominid- a large tailless primitive that lived 7 million years ago. Darwin’s theory of evolution contains some basic biological principles as it relates to natural selection and contributes to survival, these includes: 1. Variation-Show MoreRelatedDr. Charles. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 Pages Dr. Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. He is best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution. He stated that all species have descended over time from common ancestors. With his joint publication with Alfred Russell Wallace he introduced the process called natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859 with a book, On the Origin of Species; many people rejected his idea of natural selection and his theory of evolution. By the 1870’s theRead MoreThe Scientific Theory Of Science And Technology1449 Words   |  6 Pagesused in our everyday lives. We often have no idea how science and technology really affect us. We work and live in a world driven by technology and science. Science is crucial because it has helped form the world that we live in today. Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace introducedRead MoreThe Theory Of Science And Technology1454 Words   |  6 Pagesused in our everyday lives. We often have no idea how science and technology really affect us. We work and live in a world driven by technology and science. Science is crucial because it has helped form the world that we live in today. Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace introducedRead MoreDarwins Legacy Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury on February 12, 1809. His father and grandfather, being admired and respected doctors, Charles grew up in a we ll-educated and freethinking family. At the age of eight, his mother died, leaving Charles and his five siblings with their stern and often overbearing father. A short time later, he was sent to boarding school in Shrewsbury to study Greek and Latin. Outside of class Charles collected beetles and conducted his own chemistry experiments, earning himRead MoreCharles Darwing and The Theory of Evolution Essay803 Words   |  4 Pagesinvulnerable to pesticides we use. You could say that Charles Darwin has influenced our knowledge of life on Earth more than anyone else. He is an English naturalist who was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 2, 1809 and lived till 1882. His father, Robert Waring Darwin was a physician and his grandfather on his dad’s side the famous Erasmus Darwin was also a physician, as well as an admired writer and naturalist. In October 1825 Darwin went to Edinburgh University where his grandfather studiedRead MoreExploring one of the Greatest Theorists of his Time: Charles Darwin1286 Words   |  6 PagesExploring one of the Greatest Theorists of his Time: Charles Darwin Our Society depends upon science, and yet to so many of us what scientists do is a mystery. The sciences are not just collections of facts, but are ordered by theory; which is why Einstein could say that science was a free creation of the human mind. (Bowler) Charles Darwin is one of the most famous scientists and theorists who had ever lived. Darwin has been written from his background to his evolutionary theory and on theRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution and Survival of the Fittest Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesgot here. Although, this theory has sparked a lot of debate, the factual side of evolution is quite interesting. Contrary to popular belief, Charles Darwin was not the first person to come up with evolution. It’s been around for many centuries. For example, Mark Felix (170-250 AD) and Lactantious (260-330 AD) were believers in evolution way before Darwin existed, along with many other people. For many years, scientists have kept researching and examining what would have to happen in order for evolutionRead MoreNatural Selection And The Theory Of Evolution1536 Words   |  7 Pageswere just two of the things that Charles Darwin conquered through the exploration of The Galapagos Island. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England. While Darwin was still in high school, his main interest was nature, he was especially interested in beetles. Darwin’s father, Robert Darwin, who was best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin, wanted Charles to become a doctor. Due to lack on interest in the medicine field, Charles went into Cambridge University toRead MoreCharles Darwin And Jean Baptiste Lamarck, Beliefs Opinions And Theories Of Evolution1341 Words   |  6 Pagesscientists, Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, beliefs opinions and theories of evolution will be deconstructed. Charles Darwin’s theory â€Å"It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change† (good reads, Origin of the species quotes, 2016) Charles Robert Darwin, was an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory. Born on the 12 February 1809, United Kingdom, Darwin wrote his discoveriesRead MoreCharles Darwin And Evolution Of Humans1643 Words   |  7 PagesTiger Sikka Mr. Pimentel WCIV-H May 4th 2015 Charles Darwin (Intro) A man named Charles Darwin forever changed the world, especially within western civilizations. The idea of how humans and animals came to be was very confusing and there was no set reason of this. People forever wondered how they came to be on this planet. Many different ideas and theories were made, but there was no scientific reasoning on exactly the way humans and animals are here. Today, the theory is still in debate. It is

Economics Analysis of Iphone free essay sample

iPhone 5 on the economy is discussed. As everyone already knows, we are still in a great economic recession. It is estimated, however, that the selling of the iPhone to consumers will add approximately 3 billion dollars to the US economy by the end of this year. Within this article, the concept of economic growth is prevalent. With the expected 3 billion dollars expected to be added to the US economy, this would add approximately 1/3 of a percentage point to our economy’s economic growth rate by the end of this year. Compared to the iPhone sales last year for the iPhone 4s, they added approximately . 1-. 2 of a percentage point to the country’s economic growth, which is less than the expected earnings of the iphone 5. The US economic growth rate for this year with the aid of the iPhone 5 is predicted to be somewhere between 2 to 2. percent. This is pretty weak, but factors such as the quality of the product, the quantity supplied, the quantity demanded, and popularity of the good nonetheless is contributing to the country’s overall economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Analysis of Iphone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Going back to the statement of this percentage growth is still pretty week, this is explained when Zandi explains that increased spending on iPhones would mean decreased spending on other things. This can be related to the concept of opportunity cost. For example, if Mary were to spend money on a $200 16GB iPhone 5, then she would have to give up buying those 2 pairs of shoes that she’s been eyeing down at the mall. Another economic concept demonstrated is the effect of quantity demanded of a good on one of its goods complements. With the sales of iPhones going up, then there would be an increased demand for iPhone cases, chargers, earphones, etc because they are complements to the iPhone itself. It is clear that the iPhone 5 is an incredibly popular product already and this article explains the effect of it on the economy today.

Vergils Aenied Essays - Roman Mythology, Aeneid, Euryalus, Virgil

Vergil's Aenied Within the Aeneid, there are many themes contained in the text. One of them is the death of the good and the young in battle. This recurring theme seems to be prevalent in Vergils epic because it most definitely occurs in all battles. When there is battle, there are consequences. Most often these consequence are the death of someone who is seen as not yet ready to die because they are good or young. In Book IX of the Aeneid, lines 402-545, a battle scene and the events leading to it are depicted. Ascanius is leading a troop of Trojan soldiers who want to pass through a place that was unrightfully conquered by Rhamnes. One Trojan decides to single handedly make a path through this place. As the Trojan passes through, he kills many Romans. The Trojan, Euryalus, kills Rhamnes and his slaves. He then kills Remus armor-bearer, charioteer, and horses. Lastly, Euryalus comes upon the lord, Remus. Vergil begins to describe the beheading of Remus, done by none other then Remus, Full on his neck he drives the fatal sword: the gasping head flies off; a purple flood flows from the trunk. Euryalus then kills Lamus, the bold, and Lamyrus, the strong. Euryalus also kills the young Serranus, a good-natured young man who may not have deserved to die. Vergil includes this certain murder in particular because it shows that war shows no mercy, no matter how young or how good. The slaughter in this scene is ended only at the hand of Nisus, Euryalus lover, who proclaims there has been enough blood lust and murder. The group leaves the battle scene with nothing, for they leave the precious load behind. Soon we see that a young boy is left behind because he wants to take some of the bounty that was left from the battle. As Euryalus and Nisus have been gone for some time, Euryalus realizes he has left the boy behind and he retraces his path. When he returns he sees the boy surrounded by three hundred horse lead by Volscens. Euryalus only choice is to shoot an arrow through the boy so that he would not have to suffer at the hands of his captors. Euryalus believes he is rightful in his decision. This again shows how the good and the young do die in battle. This, holding true to the old clich?, all is fair in love and war. In Book XI, lines 818-831, the tale of the turning of fate and the death of a young maiden, Camilla, is told. Camillas father, Metabus was forced from Privernum, and took his daughter so she wouldnt be harmed. While fleeing through the woods, Metabus comes within sight of his enemies. Not knowing what to do, he thinks of jumping into a stream, but stops to think. He decides to bound his daughter within a hollow wooden sheath, and gives his daughter up to the goddess, Phoebe. This story is told by Phoebe and says that once Metabus did this, Then she(Camilla)had been of my celestial train, and shunned the fate that dooms her to be slain. Unfortunately, an older Camilla decided to go into battle and was eventually murdered. Phoebe vows to avenge her murder and bear the brethless body of my maid: Unspoiled shall be her arms, and unprotaned her holy limbs with any human hand. Although Camilla was good and young, and had her fate diverted by the intervention of Phoebe, she was killed. This passage is truly an example of one of the Aeneids many themes: the death of the good and young in battle. Poetry Essays

Vikings Essays (717 words) - Vikings, Viking, Longship, Norsemen

Vikings Vikings One of the most interesting and misconceived groups of all time were the Vikings. The Vikings were the most feared of all the barbaric invaders. The people who originated from Scandinavia, which in today's world are the countries of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden were called Norsemen. The Norsemen who took part in raids along the coast of Europe were called Vikings. These men were some of the great sea traders and warriors of all time. The word Viking originated from the Norse language. Vik in Norse means "harbor" or "bay". These Vikings became powerful at about 740 AD and lasted till about 1050 AD. One major reason they stayed in power was there ability to travel using the Seas and Oceans in Europe. The Vikings biggest reason for being skillful seamen was their Longships. Long, narrow ships packed with warriors helped a few ships conquer coastal cities. The Longship was made of wood and was approximately thirty meters long. The boats could hold at least 120 people because there were about 30 rowing benches on each side of the boat. Early Viking voyages consisted of raiding Christian churches and monasteries and robing and burning harmless villages. The Vikings usually had superior weapons and were well trained. Hence, they usually got what they wanted from these powerless villages. After the raid they would return to their ships and sail home. As time went on, trading with other European countries grew. Scandinavian countries sent salt, herring, and slaves they acquire from Russia to Constantinople, modern day Istanbul. In return they received silk and spices. During their time old trade routes between east and west through the Mediterranean were closed or too dangerous to sail. The Vikings kept the trade route between Byzantium and the west open. They did this by using Kiev and Russia. Home life in Viking culture was different than other barbaric groups at the time. Because of their trading, the Vikings incorporated different ideas from the countries they traded with. The native dress of the Vikings was similar for both sexes. Both men and women wore fur or woolen hats and cloaks. The Vikings had few meals that are still made today. Some of these Viking foods are shortbread, porridge, and meat soup. Education was not a major emphasis on life. Since, there were no public schools, children were taught at home by their mother or nurse. Girls learned how to spin, weave, dye clothes, and to cook and clean just to name a few things. Boys played games such as wrestling and fencing. Once a boy turned 15 or 16 he was encouraged to join a ship and try their luck at battle. After two or three successful voyages most Viking males had enough money and a high enough noble rank to retire and give their sons the opportunity to go into battle. The Vikings had a very advanced government for a barbaric group of people. They basically had a Medieval democracy, with an assembly that acted as court and legislative body. There was also a king of each tribal group, which was how the Vikings lived. In 930 the oldest recorded Assembly occurred in Iceland. This assembly was called the Althing. Religion also had a great influence on the Viking culture. Vikings had a polytheist belief, which consisted of many warrior gods. One of the major gods in the Viking culture was Odin, the chief god, who proceeded over Valhalwhla, which is the warrior's heaven. Only through death in battle could a warrior enter Valhalla. Thus warriors fought unafraid and with pride. When a Viking died he was buried with many things that he might need in his journey to the Valhalla. Hence, Viking graves often contain Arab silver, Byzantine silks, Frankish weapons, Rhenish glass, and other products of an extensive trade. Just before 1000 AD King Olaf of Norway converted to Christianity and was baptized. He then made a public law that any Viking that did not convert to Christianity was put to death so most Vikings became Christians. In conclusion, I have shown that the Vikings were a very interesting culture. They had an advanced way of attacking enemies and raiding communities using their incredible ships and warrior skills. They were a group of people who changed the way people did things for many generations after their reign. Bibliography The Vikings. The Viking Network. 16 October 1996 http://humanities.uchicago.edu/romance/port/>. "Vikings." Compton's Encyclopedia Online. Vers. 2.0. 1997. America Online. 11 November 1998. Keyword: Compton's. Spoon, Andrew. Vikings. 12 November 1996 http://www.spoon.demon.co.uk/vikes/index.htm>.

The True Story Of A Black Youths Essays - Mark Mathabane

The True Story Of A Black Youths Essays - Mark Mathabane The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa Mark Mathabane I. Main Characters A. Johannes (Mark) MathabaneKaffir Boy revolves around Johannes for the simple reason that he is the author of this book. Growing up in Johannesburg, South Africa was especially hard for Johannes. Johannes is very smart and graduated at the top of his class during his 13 years of schooling in apartheid South Africa. Johannes has had a lot of courage and perseverance throughout his life. B. Jackson MathabaneJohannes's father came from what is now the so-called independent homeland of the Vendas in the northwestern corner of the Transvaal. Johannes's father tried desperately to support his family, but in times of dire need, he backed away and depended on alcohol and abusive behaviors. Johannes's parents met and married in Alexandra on March 21, 1960. C. MotherJohannes's mother came from Gazankulu, the tribal reserve for the Tsongas in the Northeastern Transvaal. She is a very loving and devoted woman. D. Johannes's siblingsJohannes has five sisters and one brother. His sisters names are Florah, Linah, Maria, Merriam, and Linah. George was his only brother. E. Ellen MabasoEllen was the mother of Johannes's mother. She was a humble woman who bore four children: Uncle Piet, Aunt Bush, Uncle Cheeks, and Johannes's mother. she had a statuesque figuretall, limber, and ebony colored complete with tribal attire and multiple anklets, beads, earrings and bracelets. She could easily been a chief's daughter. Her friendly, brown eyes had the radiance of pristine pearls. She was the most beautiful woman Johannes had ever seen. She worked six days a week, from seven to five, mowing lawns, raking leaves, clipping hedges, watering plants, sweeping driveways, cleaning yards and pruning trees for white people. F. Mr. BrownMr. Brown was one of the few people in the yard where the Mathabane's lived with the equivalent of a high-school education. He was a bus driver for PUTCO, but he also operated a moving service that transported people and goods between Alexandra and the tribal reserve of the Vendas. G. Mrs. SmithMrs. Smith was Granny's employer. She was a short, slender woman with silver hair and slightly drooping shoulders. Granny was the Smith's gardener. H. Clyde SmithClyde is the son of the woman who Granny works for. He is a young boy who is somewhat of a snob. As he grows, he learns to like Johannes and they become friends. I. ScaramoucheScaramouche was a self-employed painter. He was also one of the best tennis players among people of color in Johannesburg. An excellent coach, he was well connected in white and black tennis circles. He agreed to be Johannes' coach. Scaramouche turned out to not only be a great coach but a confidant and a surrogate father. He was firm and demanding but not authoritative and stifling. Instead of teaching Johannes his style of play, he let Johannes acquire his own way. J. TomIn June of 1972, Johannes met Tom. He is a lanky Zulu tennis player. He was very harmless-looking K. Wilfred HornWilfred married to Norma. He respects black people and owns a tennis ranch in Halfway House called Barretts. He was a German immigrant. L. Arthur AsheArthur Ashe was a Negro tennis player that Johannes admired very much. he condemned apartheid and did not pretend he was a white man erroneously painted black. Arthur always appeared calm, cool, and collected, even when he was surrounded in a sea of white faces. M. DavidDavid was the number two singles player on the tennis team. He was soft-spoken, politically sensitive, and a brilliant Zulu student whose love for the English language exhaled Johannes's. Johannes and David frequently exchanged books, did English homework together, read prose and poetry together, trained together, and sat on the same seat during tennis trips. David was the first close friend Johannes ever had. The only difference between David and Johannes was that David was a womanizer. N. HelmutHelmut was a short, brown-haired bespectacled white man with a barrel chest. He was always dressed in flashy clothing. He came from a small town in Germany and was working for a German company in South Africa only a few months before he met Johannes. He turned out to be a horrible tennis player, but good practice

National Income Determination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Income Determination - Assignment Example One economist argued that confidence in economic agents could at times be considered as a social capital (Godley, 2009). Therefore, an increase in confidence of economic agents should always affect the macroeconomic variables positively. Consumer confidence – a higher confidence by the consumers will always facilitate them to spend more. Interest rates – it always influence cost of borrowing and mortgage interest payments. Higher interest rates will automatically increase cost of spending on mortgages. Availability of market – the increase in population constantly increases the demand for products that are specifically supporting the modern technology. Investors therefore identify such opportunities and utilize them effectively. Consumer and investor trend reports will automatically affect my spending. This is because i will spend focusing on factors that may hinder my satisfaction as a consumer. I will therefore appropriately plan with the amount of money I have at hand. GDP refers to the measure of total value of all goods produced and services provided in a country during a specific time, which is always one year. For an item to be included in the GDP, it has to be something that is produced within the borders of a country, should not be used to produce other goods and it should be legal. The exclusion therefore does not make GDP less

How has Robot Technology improved emergency response and will this Research Paper

How has Robot Technology improved emergency response and will this technology impacts the future of search and rescue - Research Paper Example This paper will describe how robot technology has improved emergency response capabilities and how this technology will influence the future of emergency management, as well as search and rescue operations. In the modern world there is an imminent need for humanitarian operations ranging from small disasters to humanitarian tragedies. Some of these emergencies can be classified as natural disasters while others are human made or human induced. The typical emergency situation can also be a combination of any three of the elements listed above. In such situations, the general approach is to utilise search and rescue (SAR) teams and systems. It has to be kept in mind that the budgets being spent on emergency relief efforts especially for search and rescue efforts is increasing manifold every year. For example, the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) spent some 958.7 million Swiss Francs in the year 2005 while it registered a 16% increase in its overall budget since 2000. This is comparable to the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) who saw a budgetary increase of 13% between the years 2000 and 2004 (Ko & Lau, 2009). With these budgetary increases it must also be seen that most sea rch and rescue efforts feature human beings trying to resolve situations that may be out of their control. With the rapid advances in technology especially robotics, it is ironic that most search and rescue operations still feature dogs on leashes guiding human handlers to save lives. The very nature of emergency response is precarious to say the least. The advances in technology have been unable to feature heavily in these scenarios except for the isolated use of positioning systems, communication systems and camera mounted probing systems. The dangerous nature of these operations requires scapegoats that can tread not only further but also faster into emergency areas. It has been suggested that the

The Last Graduation (film) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Last Graduation (film) - Essay Example To stall this eventuality in the life of a prisoner, education is the best answer. It helps his reformation and rehabilitation processes. The movie, â€Å"The Last Graduation,† directed by Barbara Zahm, makes the viewer ponder deeply about some serious issues confronting the prison administration. The 1971 uprising of the prisoners at Attica, hastened the reforms process in USA prisons, the results of which proved to be crucial in the future management of the prisons. The downward march of a prisoner in the path or criminality can be reversed to take him to the upward march and ultimately make him a worthy individual and a citizen who would contribute to the progress and prosperity of the nation. Barbara Zahm worked as an instructor in a prison college program in the early 1990s and her practical experience in the prison environment inspired her to get involved in the movie project. The graduation program in the prisons, progressed well until the 1995 National Crime Bill, gave a telling blow to the initiative and this set the right-thinking people to do something tangible to challenge the government. The movie explores the relevant issues from the introduction of higher education to the prison population to the last graduation from the Marist College program at New York’s Greenhaven Prison in 1995. The issues dealt with in the movie may not be to the liking of the general audience, which mainly seeks adventures and entertainment. Basically, prisoners do not evoke sympathy and understanding from the society; rather they are disliked, as people have a feeling that they get in the prison, what they deserve for their crimes. This is a lopsided view and indicates poor understanding about the root cause of the problem. By reforming an individual, you are reforming a generation! With the entry in to the four walls of the prison, the psychologically shaken prisoners get completely shattered and the hard core ones turn more vengeful and become stone-hearted. With

Risk Management and Patient Safety in a Hospital

Risk Management and Patient Safety in a Hospital This essay will present an interaction that took place in practice that captured the multi-disciplinary team discussing a service user. This interaction shows the concept of risk management, patient safety and leadership within a hospital setting. These concepts will be explored and critically reviewed to establish how important leadership and advocating for a service user is. It will also demonstrate how important a good multi-disciplinary team can work together for patient safety with least restrictive practice. Interaction in practice A mixed 20 bedded ward in acute mental health for adults aged 18 to 65 received an informal admission which is lease restrictive practice (Scottish Government, 2006). The service user has a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder who was known to staff on shift. As it was a weekend none of the service user’s medical team was on shift, which meant they would meet with the duty doctor, and duty consultant. The duty consultant arrived and went to one of the interview rooms to chat with the service user. On return the consultant stated that the service user would stay until they met with their own team. When asked about passes off the ward the consultant said nurse escort passes only. The coordinating nurse then stated that this would not be acting in the service user’s best interest and history has proved this to be non-beneficial. The nursing multi-disciplinary team (MDT) then proceeded to state the service user was informal and attended voluntary. This will cause di stress and anxiety to service user when staff cannot facilitate the time off the ward. The consultant stood by his recommendation but the coordinating nurse got in touch with the coordinating charge nurse (CCN) and pursued the decision. It was then talked over by the coordinating nurse, consultant and CCN as well as the staff on shift. After the MDT had discussed the matter the result ended with the service user gaining 15 minutes passes which worked out well over the weekend for the service user. Leadership The definition on leadership is one in a position or function as a leader to direct or guide a group or party (Waite and Soanes, 2007). Nicolson et al, (2011) states there is more ramification with being a leader such as: communication, emotions, and the relationship between followers and the leader. However if professionals in a leadership role are not performing to the high standard this can impact on the team reducing their commitment to the care and treatment of service users (Kilfedder, Power and Wells, 2001). Researchers have not only been tasked with finding a definition for leadership but also evidencing the characteristics that make a good leader. (Wangensteen, Johansson, Nordstrom, 2008) state that an individual constantly producing a high level of practice above recommended standards as well as displaying a caring interest in other colleagues performance, and sharing information or guidance at the correct time has all the characteristics of a leader. Professional socialization according to (Clearly et al. 2011) states leaders will engage in conversation to explore values, beliefs and attitudes of individuals they work with as well as initiating team building interactions and offering support towards the team members. Alimo-Metcalfe (2003) states that individuals are most effective when they are competent and confident and aware of their own strengths and behaviours and can work well with other team members. This was displayed in the scenario as the coordinating nurse was confident and showed their strength by pursuing the matter with the backing of the MDT. (Hogan, 1994) states leadership is persuading colleges to set aside individual concerns for a short period of time to support a mutual goal or responsibility for safety and welfare of a group. On the other hand (Fowler, 2012) states leadership is projected through role modeling. Role modeling according to (Fowler, 2012) is an individual who is â€Å"good at their job† and competent within their role with the ability to carry out tasks with ease. However there are some clinicians that practice on the edge within ethical dilemmas that could be deemed unprofessional therefor would not make good role models. (Bosman et al. 2012) also agrees with role modeling and its importance with leadership and states there are four aspects that experienced members of a team lead from. These are inspiration and motivation, self-efficacy reinforcing junior’s beliefs to achieve more. Learning by example of real life practice situations and a support for other members of the team. The leadership skills displayed in the scenario above was to advocate for the service user and be their voice. This took confidence and knowledge with a compassionate and empathetic approach so the service user would not be distressed or agitated over the weekend. It also demonstrates how connected the team was to get involved in the discussion to reinforce the initial statement. By displaying communication skills and introducing an outside party to evidence reasons why this would be the best course of action for the service user the pass was granted, and there were no incidents over the weekend involving the service user. However the service user could have went out on pass and not returned and the scenario could have been much worse even disastrous. But the staff member had evidence based knowledge about the individual and practical experience with care and treatment for the service user. Although there was a risk with this scenario all parties were following the 10 essential shared capabilities (ESCs) by working in partnership, promoting recovery, providing service user centred care, making a difference and positive risk taken (Anderson and Burgess, 2009) this guided all members to reach a decision. Kean and Haycock-Stuart (2011) argue that policies and interactions put in place to deliver a high standard of care can suggest that the individual in the leadership role is solely responsible for its success. This singular approach fails to report the relationship between the leader and followers and the prevalence of the followers contributions (Kean and Haycock-Stuart, 2011). The Scottish Government (2009) acknowledges that the leadership development for National Health Service (NHS) Scotland is achieving its goal. This is regarded as a priority for (NHS) Scotland and is prioritized at a local level (The Scottish Government, 2009). This has been introduced to insure healthcare professionals can practice nationally and local with leadership qualities and behaviours to deliver a high standard of care that is safe and effective. Policy within (NHS) Scotland states all employees are made clear and understand exactly what their role is. As they have a duty of care to provide the best care possible, and leaders have the responsibility to ensure this is happening to the correct standards but allow participation in the decision making process (The Scottish Government, 2009). The NHS has a model (Leading Better care, 2011) that can direct leaders to consider leadership qualities and develop positive attitudes and set out goals. How leaders behave within National H ealth Service (NHS) Scotland can make or break their agenda for health care. Research suggests that an effective leader can have a positive impact on service user care. There has been many cases of bad practice in healthcare that has been publicized for the public such as; The Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust which produced the Francis Inquiry (Nolan, 2013) which explored what happened and were the trust failed. The report stated that all healthcare workers working within the health care system will be held accountable for their actions and the care they provide. The report addressed staff from all positions especially senior positions who neglected their basic leadership skills (Nolan, 2013). (Blegen and Severinsson, 2011) state mental health nurses are always advancing their practice with change while working in environments that are challenging. By developing leadership skills that are motivating and encouraging colleagues to work responsibly and respectively with service users. This demonstrates the importance that leadership skills have when tasking or directing a colleague to have reassurance the task will be carried out correctly (Cleary et al. 2011). This can depend on the relationship of the followers and the leaders as this has an important bearing on the success of the healthcare environment. However (Kean and Haycock-Stuart, 2011) states that the followers are over looked as the framework for leadership focuses on the leaders as individuals. Kean and Haycock-Stuart (2011) state there is more to being a follower than following a leader, if judgements are made that disagree with a leader this can make or break the relationship of leader and follower. Good leaders hip takes opinions into consideration and work with reciprocity built on trust (Kean and Haycock-Stuart, 2011). Along with leadership is patient safety as described in paragraphs above leadership has been the emphasis for NHS Scotland locally and nationally but these two concepts work in partnership with each other (The Scottish Government, 2010). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) acknowledge the importance for individuals to continually update skills and experience in leadership and patient safety and working in partnership with universities have implemented a new domain constructed for leadership. This domain will be part of student competencies that will be expected to be adhered to when they become registered nurses. Registered nurses must now lead and challenge in a bid to improve services to provide the best possible care (NMC, 2010). Patient Safety Safety is the most important part of the healthcare service, safety for service users and safety for healthcare professionals. The drive for safety within the healthcare services are one of the three ambitions by the Scottish Government which will strive to deliver and support safe and effective healthcare. All service users will receive care and treatment in a clean, safe environment free from preventable harm or injury in any NHS Scotland healthcare facility (Scottish Government, 2010). Patient safety is the foundation that nurses construct their practice around and is a professional value that the Nursing and Midwifery Council stipulate is a requirement with the code of conduct (NMC, 2015). All registered nurses must safeguard the health and well-being of all individuals for as long as there are receiving care (NMC, 2008). Ferguson et al. (2007) states when patient safety is compromised and errors transpire the role of the clinical practitioner can be scrutinized when there are numerous factors that threaten patient safety. Some factors such as; work load pressures and staff shortages can count for miner mistakes happening within the healthcare system. However (Ferguson et al, 2007) also states good communication within a positive and motivated working team are factors that are effective in building a good safety culture. General hospitals are subjected to the same safety risks with patient safety as in a mental health hospital such as; pressure sores and medication errors. However, additional risks to staff and patients are unique in the mental health area (Bark and Tingle, 2011).The management of violence and aggression and the use of seclusion are to support patient safety as mental health hospitals use restraining techniques which can increase the service user’s vulnerability. However mental illness can cause individuals to become suspicious, disorientated, paranoid or delusional that can cause anger or difficulty with instructions (Bark and Tingle, 2011). This can generate a more complex case for patient safety even though risk assessments are carried out daily within mental health wards. Staff predicting and planning for every preventable event that could happen, due to human behaviour is only effective with the information they possess at that time (Tate and Feeney, 2012). Langan (2010) states that violence in a mental health facility with service users were a risk may be prevalent to themselves or to staff, argues that this can exacerbate anxiety and increase pressure that is required when assessing a service users risk. Service users can be unpredictable when first presenting and with lack of knowledge of what is happening for that service user at that time presents numerous changeable factors that can transpire (Langan, 2010). There has been many attempts to build an assessment tool for mental health services but they have failed to reach the standard required (Langan, 2010). (NHS Lothian, 2012) state that the policy within mental health for risk assessments must be carried out for every service user that is admitted to hospital and becomes an inpatient this should be in conjunction with the service user. When filling out the risk assessment current information should be included such as; relevant history, associated behaviours, clinical diagnosis and information from the service user’s perspective as well as information from family this will ensure a robust risk assessment and support patient safety (NHS Lothian, 2012). A risk assessment is always being amended and is never complete it is an ongoing procedure that is effective at the time it is carried out (Tate and Feeney 2012). Risk assessments that are updated daily support patient safety. The mental health setting can highlight complexities with patient safety and emphasises how staff work in partnership with service users and using reciprocity keep patients safe (Tingle and Bark, 2011). When managing patient safety within the scenario this can present challenges as the coordinating nurse was basing her evidence on previous history but had a good knowledge and rapport with the service user. By working in partnership with the service user and promoting recovery on previous admissions the nurse already had a basic plan for a risk assessment and was thinking of patient safety and what could have transpired if the passes were not granted. However ever admission is different so nothing should be assumed for example; that last admission the service user got aggressive, that does not mean this will happen this admission. Conclusion The scenario that was introduced was not uncommon at the week end for an inpatient in mental health services. The service user could have had a different scenario if that individual was not on shift advocating for the patient and displaying leadership qualities. By checking legislation, frameworks, local policies and training which is available to support staff to deliver a high standard of care and ensure patient safety. By understanding what traits aid with leadership and just how important the skills to lead are and developing and nurturing them to provide a high standard of care from you and your team. Patient safety will always be identified as an important part of healthcare and by carrying out risk assessments will insure service user receive the best care for them. For more complex situation within mental health settings staff must follow polices and legislation and support each other fully as a team and with proper planning and applying daily risk assessments can support in minimizing harmful events from transpiring. References Waite, M., Soanes, C. (2007) Oxford dictionary and thesaurus (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Alimo-Metcalfe, B.(2003) Leadership Stamp of Greatness. Health Service Journal 113 (5861) 28-32 Kean, S., Haycock-Stuart, E. (2011) Understanding the relationship between followers and leaders. Nursing Management. London 18 (8) 31-35 Scottish Government (2009) Delivering Quality through Leadership: NHSScotland Leadership Development Strategy. Available from: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/289816/0088790.pdf [accessed 9 Apr 2015] Kilfedder, C., Power, K., Wells, T. (2001). Burnout in psychiatric nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34 (3) 383-396 Hogan, R. (1994) what we know about leadership. American Psychologist, 49 (6) 493-504 Fowler, J. (2012) Professional development: From staff nurse to nurse consultant. Part 6: Importance of role models. British Journal of Nursing, 21 (5) 311 Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., Praag, M. V., Verheul, I. (2012) Entrepreneurship and role models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33 (2) 410–424 Wangensteen, S., Johansson, I. S., and Nordstrom, G. (2008) the first year as a graduate nurse—an experience of growth and development. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17 (14) 1877–1885 Cleary, M., Deacon, M., and Hunt, E. (2011) Mental health nursing role models. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 49 (8) 6–7 Cleary, M., Horsfall, J., Mannix, J., O’Hara-Aarons, M., and Jackson, D. (2011) Valuing teamwork: Insights from newly-registered nurses working in specialist mental health services. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 20 (6) 454–459 Anderson, J. and Burgess, H. (2009) Essential shared capabilities for the whole of the mental health workforce: Bringing the educators into the frame. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice, 4 (3) 21-29 Kean, Susanne; Haycock-Stuart, Elaine. (2011)Understanding the relationship between followers and leaders Nursing Management. 18 (8) 31-35 Nolan, P. (2013). (2) The Francis Report. Nursing Ethics, 20 (7) 840-842. Cleary, M., Horsfall, J., Deacon, M., and Jackson, D. (2011). Leadership and Mental Health Nursing. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2011, 32 (10) 632-639 Scottish Government (2010). The healthcare Quality Strategy for NHSScotland. Available from: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/311667/0098354.pdf [accessed 9 Apr 2015] Ros Moore. (2011). LEADING BETTER CARE incorporating releasing Time to Care. Available: http://www.evidenceintopractice.scot.nhs.uk/media/150149/lbc incorporating rtc report.pdf. Last accessed 28th April 2015. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. Available from: http://www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Standards/The-code-A4-20100406.pdf [accessed 9 Apr 2015] Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2010) Pre-registration nursing education in the UK. Available from: http://standards.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Pre-registration%20nursing%20education%20in%20UK%20FINAL%2006092010.pdf [accessed 9 Apr 2015] Ferguson, L., Calvert, J., Davie, M., Fallon, M., Fred, N., Gerbach, V., and Sinclair, L. (2007) Clinical leadership: Using observations of care to focus risk management and quality improvement activities in the clinical setting. Contemporary Nurse, 24 (2) 212-224 Tate, L. and Feeney, A. (2012) the principles of risk assessment. Medicine, 40 (11) 574-576 Bark, P. and Tingle, J. (2011) Psychological aspects of patient safety. In Patient Safety, Law Policy and Practice. (64 84). Routledge: London, UK. Scottish Government (2006) The New Mental Health Act Whats it all about? A Short Introduction. Available from: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2004/01/18753/3168 [accessed 9 Apr 2015] Nursing and Midwifery Council (2015) The Code: Preserve safety. Available from: http://www.nmc.org.uk/standards/code/read-the-code-online/ [accessed 9 Apr 2015] Preserve safety

Richard Wright and Black Boy :: Black Boy

Richard Wright and Black Boy One main point of the United States Constitution was missing from the Jim Crow South: equality. The Constitution clearly states that "all men are created equal," but in the Jim Crow era blacks were continuously persecuted for something that would be acceptable in today's society. In the early 20th century the South was a place of racial prejudice, discrimination, and hate; blacks could be punished for simply looking at a white person in the wrong manner. Punishments included arrest, beating, even lychings were a common part of the age. This is how life was while Richard Wright was growing up; but in his autobiography Black Boy we learn that despite his being a black boy in the Jim Crow South, born on a Mississippi plantation, he is eventually able to achieve success. Although independence was a crucial factor that enabled Richard Wright to succeed, his rebelliousness, intelligence, and perseverance were also important contributing factors. Richard Wright was an independent person by nature. Throughout the book Richard never seemed to have an extreme emotional attachment to anyone. It was as if he did not need or want anyone's assistance or approval, except his own. Ever since Richard was very young he was forced to be independent. When he mother had her stroke, Richard was forced to take charge and become the person of the house and he would accept no one's help. "Though I was a child, I could no longer feel as a child, could no longer react as a child...When the neighbor's offered me food, I refused, already ashamed that so often in my life I had to be fed by strangers."(pg.97) While Richard was living at his Granny's his independence really started to show through. All Richard ever thought about was leaving to go to the North; especially after being ridiculed for writing his story, The Voodoo of Hell's Half-Acre. No one supported him. He wanted to be able to do what he wanted to, by himself. "I drea! med of going north and writing books and novels."(pg.186) Once Richard was on his own he felt free of the burden, of other people's opinions that had tied him down his entire life. Along with independence, his rebelliousness was another beginning point of Wright's drive to make it in a white man's world. The very first sign we see of the rebel in Wright is when he is only four years old. Richard and his brother are playing with a stray cat one day when his Richard Wright and Black Boy :: Black Boy Richard Wright and Black Boy One main point of the United States Constitution was missing from the Jim Crow South: equality. The Constitution clearly states that "all men are created equal," but in the Jim Crow era blacks were continuously persecuted for something that would be acceptable in today's society. In the early 20th century the South was a place of racial prejudice, discrimination, and hate; blacks could be punished for simply looking at a white person in the wrong manner. Punishments included arrest, beating, even lychings were a common part of the age. This is how life was while Richard Wright was growing up; but in his autobiography Black Boy we learn that despite his being a black boy in the Jim Crow South, born on a Mississippi plantation, he is eventually able to achieve success. Although independence was a crucial factor that enabled Richard Wright to succeed, his rebelliousness, intelligence, and perseverance were also important contributing factors. Richard Wright was an independent person by nature. Throughout the book Richard never seemed to have an extreme emotional attachment to anyone. It was as if he did not need or want anyone's assistance or approval, except his own. Ever since Richard was very young he was forced to be independent. When he mother had her stroke, Richard was forced to take charge and become the person of the house and he would accept no one's help. "Though I was a child, I could no longer feel as a child, could no longer react as a child...When the neighbor's offered me food, I refused, already ashamed that so often in my life I had to be fed by strangers."(pg.97) While Richard was living at his Granny's his independence really started to show through. All Richard ever thought about was leaving to go to the North; especially after being ridiculed for writing his story, The Voodoo of Hell's Half-Acre. No one supported him. He wanted to be able to do what he wanted to, by himself. "I drea! med of going north and writing books and novels."(pg.186) Once Richard was on his own he felt free of the burden, of other people's opinions that had tied him down his entire life. Along with independence, his rebelliousness was another beginning point of Wright's drive to make it in a white man's world. The very first sign we see of the rebel in Wright is when he is only four years old. Richard and his brother are playing with a stray cat one day when his

Are computer teachers better than human teachers Essay

Although computer teachers have some advantages, I prefer humanteachers. Human teachers make learning fun, and they can be caring and understanding. Computer teachers do have some advantages. The computer teachers can teach more than the humanteachers can in about the books. They have better memory than the human teacher has because they are computers, computer can memorize anything. Moreover, computer teachers will be fairly to all of the students. In addition, students learn from the computers, they can learn more independently because t he computer cannot care when they do not pay attention in the class. However, humanteachers sometimes have a sense of humour and are more fun than computers. The human teacher can teach the students in the best way, they know what the students want. Moreover, they can make the students know what life is; the humanteachers can talk their life experience to the students, this is very important to the future of the students. The students can learn some things that out of the books from the humanteachers. Moreover, they will care the students, they will care what do the students will do after school or do they feel happy or not. The humanteachers also can make friends with the students. Computers have not feeling and therefore they do not understand the feeling of students, but teachers care for students and encourage them. Human teachers can do many things to the students but the computer teachers cannot. For example, the ways that they teach, the computer teachers just have one way to teach, but humanteachers have many ways. The computer teachers do not have life experience, they cannot talk about life, but the humanteachers have. The computer will not care about the students and they cannot make friends with the students, but the humanteachers can. Why do the humanteachers can do more things to the students than the computer teachers can? Because they are human, they are not machines. Human know what human want, the human teacher may have the same past to the students. They will understand the students feeling, they can help the student solve their problems. Therefore, the humanteachers are better than the computer teachers  are.

Factors affecting women working in the pharmaceutical sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia The WritePass Journal

Factors affecting women working in the pharmaceutical sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Introduction Factors affecting women working in the pharmaceutical sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ). Saudi Arabia profile. Online. 16th January. [available at: bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14702705] Issa, N.A., Al-Ammar, A.I. and Mostafa, S. (2009) Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industries in Saudi Arabia. American Health Lawyers Association. Minkus-McKenna, D. (2009). Women Entrepreneurs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Working paper. http://bit.ly/yCoxTY Offenhauer, P. (2005). Women in Islamic societies: a selected review of social scientific literature. Report. Library of Congress. Online. [available at: loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Women_Islamic_Societies.pdf] Peebles, D., Darwazeh, N., Ghosheh H. and Sabbah, A. (2007) Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in the Private Sector in Jordan. Research Report. National Center for Human Resources Development. Sadi, M. A. and Al-Ghazali, B. M. (2010). ‘Doing business with impudence: A focus on women entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. Research paper.’ African Journal of Business Management Vol. 4(1), pp.1-11, January. Online. [available at: academicjournals.org/AJBM]. Saudi Food and Drug Authority. [available at: sfda.gov.sa/En/Home/Topics/about/]

Free Essays on Media Bias

Introduction It is common knowledge that the media play a foremost part in America. Eighty million Americans count on television networks to get news. They make up their minds and create their own opinion in accordance with what they watch and see and, to a smaller extent, read. Americans are aware of the huge function the media play in their lives. 43% percent admit that TV networks play the most significant part in determining which issues and events are considered significant . The media’s role in political affairs is even more important: They obviously have the power to make a candidate likeable or†¦ repulsive. News media networks affect the public’s interest in politics by showing the people what they want them to see. Even if there are many issues in a campaign, the media will focus on the one they consider to be the most important, and other issues can be completely ignored. Given that general public cannot make clued-up decisions on public policy issues if the news on which they rely is deformed, it is obviously essential that TV news broadcasts and other media be just and impartial. However, there has always been much discussion about the so-called â€Å"media bias†. We will focus our study on polls and diverse data in order to discern why there is such a common idea, and if the media are actually politically biased. I. How the media take part in an election: 1- The media elite issue The graph below reveals that journalists and broadcasters have a serious tendency to lean on the left. This poll was conducted on 240 journalists working at the most influential national newspapers and networks, including the Washington Post, the New York Times, Time Magazine, the Wall Street Journal, U.S. News, Newsweek as well as CBS, ABC, PBS and NBC. What strikes us the most is that 81 percent (at least) of the journalists polled voted for the Democratic candidate in every election from 1964 to 1976. More precisely, in the ... Free Essays on Media Bias Free Essays on Media Bias Introduction It is common knowledge that the media play a foremost part in America. Eighty million Americans count on television networks to get news. They make up their minds and create their own opinion in accordance with what they watch and see and, to a smaller extent, read. Americans are aware of the huge function the media play in their lives. 43% percent admit that TV networks play the most significant part in determining which issues and events are considered significant . The media’s role in political affairs is even more important: They obviously have the power to make a candidate likeable or†¦ repulsive. News media networks affect the public’s interest in politics by showing the people what they want them to see. Even if there are many issues in a campaign, the media will focus on the one they consider to be the most important, and other issues can be completely ignored. Given that general public cannot make clued-up decisions on public policy issues if the news on which they rely is deformed, it is obviously essential that TV news broadcasts and other media be just and impartial. However, there has always been much discussion about the so-called â€Å"media bias†. We will focus our study on polls and diverse data in order to discern why there is such a common idea, and if the media are actually politically biased. I. How the media take part in an election: 1- The media elite issue The graph below reveals that journalists and broadcasters have a serious tendency to lean on the left. This poll was conducted on 240 journalists working at the most influential national newspapers and networks, including the Washington Post, the New York Times, Time Magazine, the Wall Street Journal, U.S. News, Newsweek as well as CBS, ABC, PBS and NBC. What strikes us the most is that 81 percent (at least) of the journalists polled voted for the Democratic candidate in every election from 1964 to 1976. More precisely, in the ...

Why is it unhealthy for children to grow up spending their time on Essay

Why is it unhealthy for children to grow up spending their time on electronics - Essay Example Social interaction is an important part of a child’s development, and spending too much time with electronics can cause this to be missed. The problem is that kids often play video games or watch television by themselves, which ultimately causes such problems as social isolation. In addition to this, too much time spent on electronics can cause obesity, insomnia, and bad grades at school. If kids are spending hours and hours on multimedia then they are missing out on other important activities. School is important for anyone, let alone young children, so it is important that their priorities are set straight. This is where a parent or caregiver needs to take responsibility for their child and set strict guidelines for electronics use. As mentioned above, excessive television or video gaming use can result in increased weight or a lack of sleep. As children are spending all their time playing games and not exercising, it’s only natural that they will put on more weight s imply by sitting on a couch all day. Also, sleep can reduce as too many late nights spent watching television can contribute to irregular sleeping

Interstate Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interstate Banking - Essay Example Economies of scale are realized since loan activity is increased with the merging of assets brought about by expanded business in different states. Another advantage to interstate banking is the convenience it offers to its clients. With interstate banking, more branches are within the reach of the clients (Berry, 2011). The flow of bank activities are easily facilitated which makes it easier for the clients to do business. A smooth flow in bank activities may result in increased revenues because of the ease in doing business. Interstate banking makes it possible for banks to offer a wider range of banking services to its clients because of the interstate acquisitions and branches (Berry, 2011). Some of these services include more ATMs, electronic banking options and varied loan products. Financial security and stability is one of the major off-shoots of interstate banking. Since banking consolidation is allowed provided that the capital requirements are met, this means that the resources of the banks increase, making it more stable and secure. The liquidity and solvency of the banks improve with interstate banking. Bank clients benefit the most from interstate banking. The increased competition brought about by interstate banking makes banks think of strategies to capture a bigger market; thus, improving their services and developing new products which are attractive to the clients. Aside from bank clients, banks also benefit from interstate banking. Operating costs are greatly reduced as the bank subsidiaries are converted to bank branches. Geographic diversification will help improve the risk-return opportunities of banks (United States General Accounting Office, 1995). The most likely loser in interstate banking is the Federal Reserve (Berger & Humphrey, 1988). Since there will be an improvement in the efficiency of the payment system, multiple bank payments will decrease because most checks will be

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Poverty - Essay Example People living in poverty have poor access to health facilities, and, as a result, suffer from poor heath owing to the minimal care to which they are exposed. Some of the reasons as to why they have limited access to health care services are that they lack financial resources to pay for services rendered, as well as information on medical services. In addition, due to lack of medical care, ill health is prevalent among poverty-stricken areas and people. One of the main reasons that poverty stricken people cannot access, or have limited access to healthcare facilities is the geographical locale of the facilities. This is concerning the physical distance between the local area that an individual resides in, as well as the time required to travel to the health facilities. Moreover, people living in poverty do not seem to get the right type of care availed to them in health care facilities. This is concerning the time that Medicare is required, such as desperate times and conditions that require specialized equipment to treat. To add to this, the issue of acceptability crops up in the form social stratification. Medical practitioners tend to be more responsive to the needs of the socially able, while those of the poor are left to fend for their needs and receive minimal care. Furthermore, the quality of health care offered to these impoverished is of important concern, as quality of care usually depends on the monetary wellbeing of the patients. Therefore, poor patients receive poor quality services, as compared to their wealthy counterparts. In addition to this, there are far fewer medical facilities available in poor areas thus making it even more difficult for poor people to have appropriate access. Owing to the poor access to medical facilities, impoverished people are faced with a certain myriad of diseases and conditions that have already exited

The Current Macroeconomic Situation of the US Essay Example for Free

The Current Macroeconomic Situation of the US Essay In the recent years, the US economy has gradually improved. However some areas such as the housing industry have still remained negatively affected. The following paper will discuss some of the causes that led to the crisis and what the Federal Reserve should do to address the affected areas. Introduction Despite the improvement in the US economy, there is still a decrease in interest rates, depreciation of currency and unstable markets due to fluctuations. The current debt loan of the US is also big and may lead to depression of the economy resulting in minimized growth. This is mainly caused by low interest rates which encourage borrowing for the business sector and the consumers looking for homes. In order to service these loans, the government relies on foreign aid. Current Situation The current recession and economic crisis was however majorly caused by the increase of subprime adjustable rate mortgages issued, the decrease in prime mortgages issued and the made up collaterized debt obligations. In addition, bank loans were offered to people who expected an increase in housing prices leading to their default. Moreover, supply and demand, inflation due to an increase of oil market prices which led to the increase in price of some basic commodities, money supply and GDP which influence the economy were significant causes (Tyler, 2010). Thus, the US economy is still undergoing financial crisis as a result of these decreasing interest rates hence the zero interest rate bound and the major increases in government spending. This leads to the discussion of money printing against bond financing which arises since the latter creates fears of inflation. The current situation consists of a â€Å"money multiplier† which is influenced by the ratio currency/deposits and reserved/deposits. The public is practicing the C/D more by keeping money in the mattress while the banks exhibit the R/D through their preference to cash than loans and investments. US Congress and the Federal Reserve The US congress and the federal government should improve the international market in order to improve the GDP and attract more investors. Additionally they should lower interest rates in borrowing to attract the public to buy housing units (Liu, 2010). Once, the interest rates hit zero the federal government should increase the monetary base by purchasing bonds unlimitedly since it cannot be negative. This is because highly positive interest rates rely on deflation (Lemgruber, 2008). ? List of References Lemgruber, A. C. , 2008. A Monetarist Analysis of the US Macroeconomic Situation. Emerging Markets Ecomonitor. December, 7. Liu, 2010. Feature: To End or not to End. August 15. Retrieved from Xinhuanet: http://news. xinhuanet. com/english2010/indepth/2010-08/15/c_13445774. htm on August 15, 2010. Tyler, 2010. The Current Macroeconomical Situation and the Global Recession: The Cause of The Current World Crisis. Armchair Economics. March, 24.

Nigerias Rigid Expectations of Men :: essays research papers fc

In September 1997, in Oslo, Norway, a meeting was organized in co-operation with the Norwegian National Commission for UNESCO where international observer B. Mustakim said, â€Å"Highlighting masculinity may be seen as a way of excusing violent men, since their behavior is attributed to a masculinity which many believe to be "natural" and unchangeable.† Georg Tillner, author of Men and Masculinities, responded, â€Å"Power is the one aspect all variants of masculinity have in common, not necessarily as the real possession of power, but rather as a "demand for dominance" or an "entitlement to power". Masculinity is an identity† (Mustakim). Throughout Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, masculinity takes an impressive role in molding the clan’s male-dominated society, and plays a vital part in influencing characters’ decisions. In the novel, Achebe reveals the definition of what it means to be a man in Nigerian society ; he should be masculine and protect his family and friends in that he is willing to fight, earn his good reputation, and preserve and expand the honor of his family. In Nigerian society, a man was responsible for the protection of his family and friends in that he was willing to fight. No character in Things Fall Apart demonstrated this ideal better than that of Okonkwo. This was apparent in the very beginning of the novel when it is brought to the reader’s attention that Okonkwo had, at such a young age, already taken two titles and demonstrated undivided skill in two inter-tribal wars. At the closing stages of the novel, Okonkwo yet again attempted to protect his clansmen when five court messengers arrive at one of the clan’s meetings. Without any hesitation, Okonkwo pulled out his machete and killed the head messenger. Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, however, did not fit the same mold of masculinity as that of his high-achieved son. While Unoka and his neighbor, Okoye, were sharing a kola nut (a symbol of life and vitality) one day, they talked about several things including that of the impending war with the village of Mbaino. U noka did not condone war, but not because he believed that it was barbaric. He was simply a coward and could not stand the sight of blood. Thomas Alva Edison, a great inventor, businessman, and true Renaissance man, once said, â€Å"The successful person makes a habit of doing what the failing person doesn't like to do† (Woopidoo!). Okonkwo became an important and successful asset to his clan by achieving things in which his father refused to partake.

Emperor Hirohito Essay

Emperor Hirohito ruled for 53 years, during those years, Japanese civilians invaded China, the Rape of Nanking happened, they attacked Pearl Harbor and Japan rose to become the world second economic superpower. He was the first Japanese Emperor to be welcomed into Europe. He married at age 16, was crowned prince in November 1921. He died in his 80’s of a sickness called Myocardial Infraction. In his early life at age 7 he was taught proper behavior by Maresoke Nayi at Peer’s School. Also, his parents hired two Confucian tutors for him to learn. A few years later at age 11 his father was crowned Emperor because the formal Emperor had died of old age. Hirohito was to marry at age 16 to a young Princess which name is Nagako Kuni who was only 14 at the time. Before he had married the princess he went and traveled around Europe and was the first Japanese prince who was welcomed by the royal queen herself. During the time he had traveled he became very interested in the study of Marine Science. He also developed an interest in golf, drinking tea and eating bread. After coming back from Europe he changed the law that said that royal family members could not travel the world and make new traditions. His main inspiration was watching how in Europe people could do as they please and not get judge for it. Around that same time his family had heard a rumor that said the Princess Nagako Kuni was colorblind, so Hirohito’s family decided to delay the wedding until they figured everything out. They didn’t get married until a year later in 1924. Just a couple of years later he had to become Emperor because of his father death (due to a mental illness). People refused to him as a god because of the way he ruled. Also, because nobody ever saw him. Hirohito was one who believed in democratic politics over any other thing. Due to this he everyone believed that Japan wanted to go to war with every single country. So many people had judged him very harshly for not putting himself together in the right time before the war. And his own military wanted to get someone more worthy of the thrown, not Hirohito. It was hard on him and even more because of the surprise attack f the two atomic bombs which were dropped an August 6-9, 1945 (O’Neil 1). Nobody knew what to do or how to do it. The only person that knew what to do was Hirohito. He had decided to surrender to Great Britain and United States and to see if that would make his people follow him again. Or maybe put him on their good graces. He ordered his government to make an unconditional surrender. Hirohito had to make a fast action and an effective plan for seizing power (Oâ€℠¢Neil 1). Even though he had to do all those things he never wanted to give in to those countries. He knew he could do better if he had done some military service. But he didn’t he had married young and did everything so fast due to his father’s death. But still no one gave him the credit for doing it. For this, he deserves considerable credit (O’Neil 1). He toured Europe in 1971, the first reigning Japanese monarch to visit abroad, and traveled to the United States in 1975 (Leaders 1). He was one of the first Japanese Emperor’s to do this. Later on in life he wrote a few books on Marine Science. It was one of the things that interested him in his younger ages. He has 7 children named: Akihito, Prince Hitachi, Atsuko Lkeda, Takako Shimazu, Shigeko Higashikuni, Kazuko Takasukasa, and Princess Hisa Sachiko. Hirohito’s reign was designated Showa, or â€Å"Enlightened Peace† (Leaders 1). But some people were relieved when he died and his son Crown Prince Akihito became Emperor. Even though they were glad there were disappointed because the Prince had married a commoner. Some contemporaries who lived in his time were Hitler and Hideki Tojo. Their roles in his life were that both of them had lived in the same days as Hirohito. And they never met in person but they had heard of each other. Emperor Hirohito was a very important person in his days because of the way he had treated his people he didn’t make any decisions with out considering the way they would have felt about it. After the war he had said â€Å"That most unfortunate war, which I deeply deplore. † The main reason he had said that was because of all the people who had lost their life just because of that war. Another quote he had said was â€Å"I made efforts to swallow tears and to protect the Japenese Nation. †

African American Cinema Essay

The subject of African-Americans in Motion Pictures provides some of the most interesting studies along with the many controversial interpretations of the roles as actors they played on screen. As far back as the silent films era, African-Americans have been featured in motion pictures playing roles depicting some aspect of acting and being purveyors of a black image. The messages or themes of these movies have over the years presented a mixture of images based upon what was thought to please the viewers of each particular film. Unfortunately, many of those films showed black characters in negative stereotypical roles, which the average African-Americans would never truly identify as being like themselves. Since many of our American icons and heroes have come from our motion picture stars, we need to understand what this narrow view presented and compare it with what we presently see at our local cinema today. The movies Guess Who’s Coming To Dinner (1967), Shaft (1971), Do The Right Thing (1989), Boys n the Hood (1991), and Menace to Society (1993) show a thematic style and stereotypes in the way that black films have progressed over the years. The motion picture industry was never too quick to change their approach in presenting African-Americans in realistic roles depicting social or civil conditions in an integrated context. Many of these roles required scenes showing African-Americans in positions of authority or relating to white Americans in a positive way. This Integration Period therefore brought together African-American actors with scenes along side white actors in roles showing both players dealing with racial conflict and resolution. Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner was truly a unique film for its time in that Sidney Poitier’s character breaks all the stereotypical views of blacks in American Cinema. In the early 1930’s blacks were portrayed as lower class, slow-witted figures of entertainment, often showed in menstrual shows. Poitier’s character broke all these stereotypes. 1971 brought to the big screen a successive series of superhero black or â€Å"blaxploitation† films. Shaft was released in 1971, and Richard Roundtree was the superman black hero detective. He was compared by many to the white James Bond. Related to Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, Shaft took it up a notch in showing a black man as a hero. Poitier’s role was one to equalize whites and blacks in their roles in American cinema, but Shaft showed a black man who was an authoritative figure. Different themes can be mixed in between the two movies. They both show an intelligent black man that has a grip on reality. Both movies showed themes of how integration has struck America. They differ though on a level in that Shaft was a black dominant cast and Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner was predominantly white. Do the Right Thing, Boyz n the Hood, and Menace to Society were all produced in a more modern era, hence the fact that they all have similar racial themes. The films all paint a picture of urban Black America in their time period. All three films are thought to be racially reactionary films aimed at the psyche of both black and white viewers. The movies were all a success due to the touched topics of racial situations, ethnic tensions, and human encounters of anger. The superb casts of both black and white actors made the motion picture industry aware of a newer avenue for films and race relations. African-Americans in motion pictures in today’s expanding world of visual imagery can be seen on many expanding fronts. We see the making of motion pictures on subjects or themes which can be taken from history, life experiences, music, and unexplored events. Today’s markets are open, and African-Americans are taking advantage of these open door opportunities. Actors and actresses are expanding their roles from stage acting to movies to TV miniseries to video cassettes or discs, and roles taken from books, plus movie soundtracks. In our world today African-American actors and actresses will always have a place in American Cinema and their future looks bright and promising.

The 6 Cases of Latin Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives

The 6 Cases of Latin Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives There are six  cases of Latin nouns that are commonly used. Another two- locative and instrumental- are vestigial and are not often used.   Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and participles are declined in two numbers  (singular  and  plural) and in six principal cases. The Cases and Their Grammatical Position in Sentences Nominative (nominativus):  Subject of the sentence.Genitive (genitivus):  Generally translated by the English possessive, or by the objective with the preposition  of.Dative (dativus): Indirect object.  Usually translated by the objective with the preposition  to  or  for.Accusative (accusativus): Direct object of the verb and object with many prepositions.  Ablative (ablativus): Used to show means, manner, place, and other circumstances. Usually translated by the objective with the prepositions from,  by,  with,  in, at.Vocative (vocativus): Used for direct address. Vestigial Cases: Locative  (locativus):  Denotes the place where. This vestigial case is often left out of Latin noun  declensions. Traces of it appear in names of towns and a few other words: RÃ… mae (at Rome)  /  rÃ… «rÄ « (in the country). Still another vestigial  case, the instrumental, appears in a few adverbs.​ All the cases, except the nominative and vocative, are used as object cases; they are sometimes called oblique cases (cÄ sÃ… «s oblÄ «quÄ «). Five Declensions of Nouns and Their Endings Nouns are declined according to gender, number, and case (a declension is essentially a fixed pattern of endings). There are only  five  regular declensions of nouns in Latin; there is a sixth for some pronouns and adjectives that end in -ius in the genitive case form.  Each noun is declined according to number, gender, and case. This means that there are six sets of case endings for five declensions of nouns- one set for each declension. And students have to memorize them all. Below are brief descriptions of the five noun declensions, with links to the full declension for each, including the case endings for each declension. 1.  First declension nouns: End in -a in the nominative singular and are feminine. 2. Second declension nouns: Most are masculine and end in -us, -er or -ir.Some are neuter and end in -um. Esse: The all-important  irregular verb esse (to be) belongs to this group.  Words associated with it are in the  nominative  case. It does not take an object and should never be in the accusative case. The following is a sample paradigm* of the second declension masculine noun somnus, -i (to sleep). The case name is followed by the singular, then the plural. *Note that the term paradigm is frequently used in discussions of Latin grammar; a paradigm is an example of a conjugation  or  declension showing a word in all its inflectional forms. Nominative somnus somniGenitive somni somnorumDative somno somnisAccusative somnum somnosAblative somno somnisLocative somni somnisVocative somne somni 3.  Third declension nouns:  End in -is  in the genitive singular.  Thats how you identify them. 4.​ Fourth declension nouns: Ending  in  -us are masculine, apart from manus and domus, which are feminine. Fourth declension nouns ending  in -u are neuter. 5. Fifth declension nouns: End in -es and are feminine.The exception is  dies, which is usually masculine when singular and always masculine when plural.

Analysis of Japan

Analysis of Japan Japan has always been known as a conservative society that is well entrenched in its ideas of tradition, culture and the preservation of social institutions (Japan, 58-63). Yet, it is this focus on tradition that has resulted in the preservation of its ancient cultural traditions that has enthralled and fascinated the world for generations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Analysis of Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the present, the country is home to 125 million people with the main language spoken being nihonggo. There are also various regional dialects such as Kansai-bien which is primarily being utilized within the rural areas of the Kansai region (Japan, 58-63). At the present, the current exchange rate between the Yen and Dirham is 1.00 AED = 21.7418 JPY. While it may seem high you need to take into consideration the fact that while Japan has some of the best inns in the world, the inherent costs are usually twice as high as those in other countries. For people wishing to visit the country, the best time to do so is during the winter and spring seasons in order to take full advantage of the hot spring resorts that the country is famous for. Infrastructure When it comes to the local infrastructure of Japan, it is actually quite interesting to note that the Japanese utilize public transportation more so than other countries. There are actually relatively few cars within the country with a vast majority of the general public relying on the dozens of train lines, bullet trains as well as airports that the country has to offer. To make things easier for tourists, the Japanese government has helpfully placed signs in both English and Japanese on all public methods of transportation in order to help tourists easily access various locations around the country. It should also be noted that weekly passes can be bought at various train stations that allow travelers to utilize the trains as much as they want within the designated period on the cards. As such, for any tourist wishing to go to various locations within the country it can be done in a relatively cheap and easy manner.Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Types of Tourists International (Encompasses the U.A.E, U.S., Europe and other countries) Regional (Within the Asian region) Local (Within Japan) Potential Retirees (People looking for a permanent place to retire) Demographics: Middle to high income 30 to 55 years (middle aged) College Educated Is usually quite stressed 2 to 3 children High income Aged 30 and above Composed of Businessmen and entrepreneurs Usually coming from areas such as Hong Kong, Beijing and Australia 3 4 children Low to moderate income Young to middle agedHigh education statusWorks within the 2 largest metropolitan areas in the country (i.e. Tokyo and Osaka)1 to 2 childre nUsually goes on vacation with a large group of friends or associates from work Pensioned (fixed income) 60 years old and above College graduates Usually composed of U.S./European retirees 2 to 3 children Benefits Sought: Mid-quality hotel rooms, Affordable food, Located near the beach, Access to public/affordable transportation Professional hotel staff Friendly Locals High quality food, Located right next to the beach, Luxurious hotel rooms Professional hotel staff Friendly locals Cheap hotel rooms, Inexpensive food, Convenient access to the beach Located near affordable places to eat Access to public transportation Relaxing environment, Low cost of living expenses, Safety, Friendly locals Shared Values: Seeks to conform to an allotted budget for the vacation Focuses on a variety of outdoor activities such as surfing, diving, paragliding etc. Thinks quite highly of the local population Cost is not an issue Seeks to derive as much enjoyment as possible from the experience Intere sted in experiencing as many new things as possible Does not think highly of the local population To spend as little as possible Focuses more on practicality rather than luxury Enjoys taking vacations in large groups To find a nice quiet place to retire Develop good relationships with the locals Relax for the rest of one’s life in a nice environment Thought Patterns: Independent Open to new ideas Confident Arrogant Superficial Sticks to preconditioned ideas regarding the local culture Possesses a feeling of entitlement Peaceful Cooperative Fear of spending too much Peaceful Cooperative Open to new ideas Targeted By: Mid-level hot spring resorts, High end luxury resorts Mid-level resorts Small beach resorts with an attached development plan for beach front property for retirees. Purpose: To experience new activities and get away from the stress of work To enjoy the various luxurious amenities available within the target destination. To go out on a vacation with a group o f friends in order to better connect with one another To look for a place to retire in peace Motivation: The desire to unwind and relax To experience what Japan has to offer To go out with friends To finally retire in peace Buying Behavior: Influenced by the desire to experience new activities that they otherwise would not be able to do in the countries they come from (i.e. relax on the beach, paragliding, deep sea diving etc.) Focuses on having the best of everything throughout the entire experience. This encompasses having the best hotel rooms, the best foods, going for the most expensive activities etc. Revolves around the desire to participate in activities as a group. This involves eating with a large group of friends, interacting with people they know and going for a variety of group based activities. For retirees, this involves examining the country and location where they plan to retire. As such, buying behavior for this particular demographic is heavily influenced by th e degree of safety and relative ease of life in their desire location. Tourism Contribution to Local Economy On average, Japan brings in roughly 8.3 million tourists a year from various international locations such as the U.S., Europe, the Middle East and several countries within Asia. While tourism is not a vital part of the local economy, it still provides more than $3.5 billion dollars a year in annual income. It must be noted though that as a direct result of the Fukushima nuclear disaster tourism in Japan has actually dropped by 25% within the past year, however, the numbers are expected to rise given that the supposed danger has passed. Another factor that should be taken into consideration when examining the local economy of the country is the fact that a vast majority of tourism services are oriented towards local rather than international consumers. This is evidenced by the fact that there is little in the way of significant internationalization of services which specifi cally cater to international clientele. This is actually one of the impediments to increasing tourism within the country since many tourists are wary of visiting a country that does not have sufficient local services to address their concerns especially when it comes to being understood by the local populace that barely speaks English. Evaluation of Destination Marketing The primary strategy that has been employed by Japan has been to create partnerships with a variety of travel agencies within other countries in order to incorporate various locations within the country in their packaged tour deals. By doing so, this has brought in almost 60% of all guests to the location during the busy and slow seasons and continues to be one of the main ways the country is able to get tourists. One of the primary reasons behind the utilization of such a strategy is due to the fact that while English is taught in various schools, it is not extensively utilized in business proceedings.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Analysis of Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, Japan has had to rely extensively on external agencies in order to promote its various tourism destinations. Not only that, compared to Europe, Australia and the Philippines there is little in the way of a sufficiently extensive online presence within social media networks for Japan. The country does not even utilize E-commerce platforms in order to create a faster and more prudent method for international guests to make reservations and pay for rooms ahead of time. While it may be true that this due to the fact that many of ryoukans and onsens prefer to operate utilizing traditional methods this just means that they are missing out on potentially tapping the a large online consumer market. It must also be noted that the popularity of social media platforms such as Facebook and Google + makes it a free and easy method for hotels and tou rism destinations to advertise their services via satisfied liking and sharing of the page as well as through various online promotions. It is based on this that it is recommend that various ryoukans, onsens and tourism destinations within the country setup a proper E-commerce application for future websites as well as setup a Facebook page. By doing so this creates the potential for such establishments to access new customer bases in far off locations and make it easier for them to make a reservation and pay for their room without having to spend too much. Comparative Analysis of Popular Tourism Destinations within the Region to Japan Philippines Thailand Japan Australia Strength Has one of the world’s most biologically diverse marine ecosystems Possesses beautiful white sand beachesThe local population is known throughout the world for their hospitalityFood and hotels are relatively inexpensiveNearly everyone within the country speaks English Possesses a wide range of cultural traditions and historic sites that are unique to the country Has one of the lowest prices for hotels and food in the world Locals are relatively kind to foreigners Has one of the oldest cultures in the world with a wide range of unique cultural attractions throughout the country Is well known for its hot springs which supposedly have restorative properties Is one of the safest and most technologically advanced countries within the world Has a local culture that is understandable by most westerners Is well known for its beaches Widely considered to be one of the surfing capitals of the world Has a relatively low crime rate Weakness The local armed resistance groups such as MILF and Abu Sayyaf have been known to kidnap and hold tourists for ransom There is rampant corruption in various sectors resulting foreigners sometimes being gouged on prices Is located within a region that is prone to tsunamis The country is known more for its lucrative red light districts that it is for its cultural attractions Kidnapping by local criminals is a definite possibility It is one of the most expensive places in the world to take a vacation with prices for even basic goods exceeding the cost seen in most western countries The locals rarely understand English and are often afraid to interact with foreigners The country has hundreds if not thousands of local species that could kill a person rather quickly The Australian Outback is one of the most dangerous places on Earth Due to adverse water distribution policies several areas within the country are prone to dust storms Opportunities Still has a relatively underdeveloped tourism industry and as such there are numerous opportunities for expansion Within the past few years Thailand has emerged from the tsunami disaster through large investments in its tourism industry resulting in better facilities and more affordable prices Recent initiatives from the Japanese government to increase the number of tourists entering t he country have resulted in fewer restrictions and red tape involving tourist visas The country has slowly been building up a platform for increasing the number of tourists to the country through vigorous TV ads and online viral marketing campaigns Threat All locations indicated in this table suffer from the same problem of increased uncertainty over the current state of the global economy which has negatively impacted the number of people that willing to go on extended vacation (Hiwasaki, 675-692). Consumers have become more hesitant to go on vacations since they do not know if they will be able to continue to keep their jobs if they do so. The current prolonged recession has actually resulted in a direct slowdown of infrastructure development involving resorts within the countries indicated in this analysis and has cast doubt over the ability of the region to continue to maintain its current level of distinction which is the primary factor behind the continued decline of their t ourism industries within the past few years. Tourism Organizational Structure The main tourism organization within the country is the Japan Tourism Agency which basically monitors and implements the various tourism polices that apply to foreign tourists as well as local residents.Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main purpose of the agency is to promote and monitor the number of tourists that enter into the country and develop specific legislation that is subject to the approval of the main governing body of the country that is aimed at ensuring a steady flow of tourists and the income they provide for local businesses (Japan: Market Profile, 186-190). One of the more recent actions of the agency has been the implementation of new legislation which lowers the standards and amount of requirements for foreign tourists to enter into the country (CHOONG-KI, 392-323). The main aim of such an endeavor was to encourage even individuals with moderate to low incomes to visit the country and see the sights. It should be noted though that the Japan Tourism Agency mainly concerns itself with international tourists and does not involve tourism activities of local residents. Security Risk and Assessment An examination of the U.A.E travel advisory website reveals that there are currently no announcemen ts that specifically state that there are major problems with vacationing in Japan at this moment in time. It was noted on the website though that tourists from the U.A.E should be cautious regarding the current political climate between Japan and China due to their current island dispute. As such, there is a possibility that increased activist protests may occur. All in all though, Japan is considered a relatively safe environment for foreign tourists and, as such, citizens of the U.A.E are free to travel there if they wish. Operating Sectors Attractions Underwater Scuba Diving Considered to be one of the most biologically diverse areas on the planet, Japan, particularly Okinawa island, has a wide variety of coral reefs and diving spots that have been widely praised by diving magazines and the International Diving Association as being one of the most beautiful yet also one of the safest places to see the wonders of underwater nature unfold before their very eyes. Guests at any one of the various resorts in Japan can sign up for a rather affordable diving lesson along with supervised dives at several of the islands best locations. These dives include an exploration of the local coral reef system, diving into various caves near one the other local islands and a moderate feeding of the local marine life. Due to the crystal clear waters that the Japan island system are known for, guests can rent a variety of underwater cameras and equipment in order to film themselves diving and exploring the fascinating wonders in an around the island system of Okinawa. Do note though that it is highly illegal to either capture fish or attempt to extract coral from the surrounding areas and as such guests should abide by the rules lest they get into trouble and be banned from ever diving in the waters of Japan again. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is that those who wish to take up diving lessons must already know how to swim and have a moderate level of p hysical strength since the tanks are quite heavy. Hiking While the Japan does not necessarily have large mountainous areas, it does however have a variety of beautiful hiking trails where an intrepid explorer can go and visit the wonders the sparsely tree covered areas have to offer. It is usually the case that tour groups are led by a local guide who follows a predetermined path through the hilly landscape where he/she points out a variety of interesting sights and animals. Do note that forest exploration within Japan is not as dangerous as compared to countries such as Africa or South America for example since the country does not have any predators that would pose a danger to a hiker that is aware of his surroundings and can make a certain amount of noise to scare the creature off. Some hikes even end in a rather exciting whitewater rafting adventure where hikers climb onto orange rafts and navigate down the river until they reach a miniature lake which often has an alternative s ource of water in the form of a small waterfall. Do note though that you need to be in relatively good health and be in tip top shape in order to go hiking since it is often lasts for hours and goes through relatively tough terrain. Japanese Hot Springs If there is one thing Japan is famous for it is its onsens (i.e. hot spring resorts) located in areas such as Kusatsu, Shibi, Shirahone and Okuhida. These resorts cater primarily to individuals who want to experience the joys of relaxing in naturally heated (i.e. heated from the volcanic rock below) mineral rich waters (Buckley Jr. et al., 357-383). It is often the case that onsens are open air baths within resorts that gives bathers a panoramic view of a clear night sky and the surrounding landscape. It is usually the case that the demographic to a Japanese onsen are individuals usually within their late 30s to early 70s however there has been an increasingly large amount of younger demographics that have been trying out these hot s pring resorts as of late. The primary reason is the fact that an onsen is considered the ultimate traveler’s experience within Japan that any tourist in the country should seek out (Hall, 19). Major Shopping Districts Akihabara While Japan has several of the worlds best shopping districts none compare to the fame of its Akihabara district. Connected with the otaku subculture of Japan, Akihabara can be considered a hub for technology, manga, and anime. It famously has an assortment of maid cafes wherein attractive Japanese girls dress up in maid costumes and serve you while calling you master. The shopping district is also one of the best places in Asia to find the best discounts on electronic goods and various unique types of consumer devices (Foster, 351-372). Lastly, it is also the primary location from which Japans otaku sub-culture congregates in order to trade, buy and sell all things related to manga and anime. What you have to understand is that the popularity of manga and anime has surpassed the borders of Japan and has actually reached numerous international locations such as the France, the U.S., China and even the U.A.E. As such, Akihabara has become a prime destination for many anime and manga lovers from different countries to stock up on various figurines and toys related to their favorite series. It should also be noted that what is unique about Akihabara is that unlike other prime tourist destinations around the world, it actually lacks the presence of any major hotel chains in the area. The primary reason behind this is due to the fact that a majority of the buildings located within the district primarily cater to the sale of consumer electronics and anime related paraphernalia. What the area has instead are capsule hotels, these hotels utilize a unique concept wherein instead of rooms rows of stacked man-sized capsules are placed within a room that have a bed, television and a small ventilation shaft installed inside. This type of hote l was meant to maximize on the limited amount of space within the Akihabara. Shinjuku Is a major business and commercial hub within Japan that possesses dozens of malls, several of the best hotels in the world and is comparable to Los Angeles on a busy day. Overall, this city is not that unique since it shares numerous similarities with other cities all over the world and does not have the uniqueness of Akihabara. Ecotourism While Japan has innumerable ecotourism destinations due to its focus on preserving natural resources and saving the environment, the most famous ecotourism destination within the country is Hokkaido Island located on the northwest part of the country (Hiwasaki, 107-126). The reason this particular destination is considered an ecotourism hotspot is due the fact that the general environment looks like an area in Europe rather than Asia. This is due to the combination of long fields of grass, small hills dotting the landscape here and there, snow capped mountains a s well as various species of trees that have white bark that do not resemble native species (Hiwasaki, 107-126). It should also be noted that the area is home to numerous native species that are not found any other place on the Earth such as the reclusive Hokkaido fox and deer as well as various species of owls. Not only that, the design of the buildings within this particular Business Travel Business travel within Japan is facilitated easily through the use of its expansive public transportation system, its bullet train system that connects various regions of the main island (the Shinkansen) as well as through several regional airports that have 24 hour flights. Overall, travel within the country is quite easy for foreign tourists so long as you follow the necessary guides for reaching your destination (Japan: Market Profile, 186-190). Cultural Heritage Tourism What you have to understand is that in the case of Japan its unique cultural heritage is the main selling point of its tou rism industry (FRANCIS-LINDSAY, 151-168). As such, in regions such as Kanto, Tohoku, Chugoku, and Kansai the main tourist attractions are not the local flora or fauna, rather, it is the various traditional temples, villages and ways of life that several Japanese communities espouse that become the main selling point of such regions (FRANCIS-LINDSAY, 151-168). Lodging For any tourist wishing to stay in Japan there are an assortment of 5 star hotels within the cities of Tokyo, Shinjuku, Osaka, Saitama and other such major areas of commerce, however, to truly appreciate a tourist experience in Japan it is highly recommended that you skip hotels and instead utilize Ryoukans which are the Japanese equivalent of inns. While these areas do not utilize the same ranking system as hotels, they are considered some of the best places to stay within the country since they serve guests traditional Japanese cuisine within traditional Japanese rooms with sliding doors, tatami mats and walls made ou t of thick paper. Do note though that there are no ryokans within the city since they are often found in the countryside in order to help their guests relax and appreciate nature. Several famous areas for ryokans are Tamatsukuri, Arima, Okinawa and Hokkaido due to their largely un-spoilt areas which are free from industrial development. Major Festivals and Events It is actually quite interesting to note that each region in Japan celebrates a variety of unique festivals that are inherent only to that particular region. This is due to various historical events, however, there are festivals such as Hanami, Tanabata, Toro Nagashi, the Shogatsu and assortment of others that universally celebrated across the various regions of the country. A large percentage of these festivals are usually held near or on the grounds of the local Shinto shrine and, as such, is usually the best direction to head to for tourists that want to experience the full force of Japans festivals. Future of Destinatio ns When it comes to the short and long term goals of the Japanese tourism industry, it is interesting to note that due to the current European debt crisis and the general turmoil in the global economic market it has been decided that within the short term the tourism sector of the country will continue to follow its current plan of providing high quality amenities and services at high cost however in the long term what will happen is a slow and carefully planned diversification of services in order to cater to clients that have medium to low income brackets (Hiwasaki, 675-692). The reason behind this is quite simple, the current problems within the global economy has created a noticeable impact on hotel guests and tourists at the present wherein many have been reluctant to spend as much as they used to (Uzama, 356-365). If this current trend continues it is likely that Japan will still continue to receive a steady stream of people however these will consist of individuals/families t hat would be looking for a bargain instead of luxury (Uzama, 356-365). Thus, a transition would be necessary in order to meet the demands of this new consumer market. It was realized within the past year that if such a strategy is not implemented it is very likely that the country will see a considerable reduction in the amount of tourists that arrive. Japan has actually taken the first initial steps into this direction by lowering the visa requirements needed to enter into the country in order to encourage foreign tourism. Market Problems The current problem with the tourism market between Japan and the U.A.E is the fact that consumer spending is at an all time low due to the 2008 – 2012 (present day) economic downturn. Unfortunately, the inherent problem with the current situation is that it creates a vicious cycle wherein low consumer spending results in companies reducing various aspects of their operational capacity (i.e. manufacturing of products, low level employees et c.) in order to remain in business which results in even lower consumer spending since people do not have jobs to support themselves anymore. An example of the effect of such a behavior by major corporations can be seen in the Dubai wherein up to 28% percent of current construction projects have been delayed due to workforce cutbacks employed by various companies in an attempt to continue to remain viable despite lackluster local demand. Another global factor that should be taken into consideration when examining the tourism trade of Japan is the current debt crisis in Europe that was brought about through not only the reckless actions of various banks within region (as seen in the case of Ireland) but also through government mismanagement of finances (seen in the case of Greece) and exposure to a reckless housing market (the case of Spain) which has also adversely affected domestic manufacturing within the U.S. Such factors have taken a steep toll on the airline passenger market wi th up to 50% of profits effectively wiped out in period immediately during the aftermath of the 2008 recession with only a marginal improvement on domestic flights. As a direct result of such issues, this has severely impacted Japan’s local tourism industry resulting in far fewer profits and the closure of several prominent tourism destinations due to lackluster demand. Solving the Problem Shifting to New Consumer Markets With low consumer spending and an atmosphere of economic uncertainty which pervades the traditional markets of Japan in Europe and America there is a necessity to pursue new consumer markets in various parts of the U.A.E. As such, the following are recommended methods of increasing the popularity of the country through using social media networks: Advertising Through Social Media: YouTube Stars Various forms of consumable media in the form of print ads, billboards, commercials, online marketing campaigns and a plethora of other types of advertising initiativ es are rife with the images of various popular individuals showing just how prevalent product endorsements are in the advertising campaigns of numerous companies. The logic behind this particular method of advertising stems from the fact that people are more likely to purchase a product or utilize a particular service if they see someone else happily using it, studies even show that the likelihood of product patronage goes up astronomically if it is seen that a pop culture icon is utilizing a particular type of product. This speaks volumes of the influence of pop culture on consumer buying behavior however it is also indicative of the fact that companies are aware of what causes consumers to purchase a particular product and act accordingly in order to exploit it. Yet, the inherent problem with using popular culture celebrities is the fact that they are often quite expensive and demand millions of dollars in fees. An alternative strategy that I have devised that overcomes this parti cular problem utilizes YouTube stars as a means of promoting the resorts of Bohol. On average, YouTube stars such as Ray William Johnson, Philip DeFranco, Shane Dawson, Smosh and others like them often generate millions of views per video, greater even than some shows on cable television. Furthermore, these shows are watched by a global audience encompassing countries such as the U.S., China, Russia, Australia, and various states within the European Union. This would enable any marketing campaign that centers on the use of such YouTube stars to in effect target a wide range of consumer markets at a relatively low cost. YouTube stars in general do not demand a lot of money for placing ads within their show; it is usually the case that by providing promotional code or a link in the description of the video the company that created an advertising contract with them usually pays on the basis on the number of clicks. This averages to around $5,000 to $6,000 on select advertising and prom otional deals; this is a vast difference when compared to the millions demanded by A-list stars within Hollywood. You also have to take into consideration the fact that YouTube stars can come from a variety of different countries wherein they have a distinct level of popularity with the local populace. Based on this, a marketing campaign could spend half the amount of money that would normally go to an A-list star yet reach four times the intended audience demographic by utilizing a select marketing strategy devoted to using YouTube stars from specific regions that cater to the audience demographics that the campaign is attempting to appeal to. Strategies to Consider Sponsored Links, Promotional Codes and Banners The best way in order to fully utilize the viewership of a YouTube star is to have them sponsor the resort by having them mention it then have them point to either a banner location on the screen, a promotional code the viewers can use to get discounts or a link in the desc ription of the video where viewers can go and visit a website detailing the various resort packages they can avail of. This is often the strategy Netflix uses on either the Philip DeFranco show or on EpicMealTime in order to gain a substantial amount of subscribers to their services. The same strategy can be utilized on select YouTube stars from specific regions and through multiple shows. By examining the viewership range and what type of viewers normally watch a particular YouTube star the marketing campaign will be able to determine what star to use, how long should the promotion period last for and will be able to monitor the overall effectiveness of the campaign via the number of clicks on the link, the number of people watching the video or the sheer amount of times the promotional code is used. Vloging a Sponsored Vacation One potential avenue of approach is to arrange for an all expenses paid trip for the YouTube star to a select resort in Bohol where they can vlog their exp erience to their viewership. Vlogging is a term that is a result of combining the words blogging (referring to act of publishing personal thoughts and experiences online for complete strangers to read) and video. The vlogs of YouTube stars often generate a substantial degree of views due to the current obsession over reality viewing wherein people want to watch people living their lives as it unfolds. By having YouTube stars vlog their experiences within the resort for a few days this in effect acts as type of commercial which shows cases the amenities and overall appeal of the location. Since it comes from a personal perspective and not through a telegraphed and obviously one sided view of the resort, this in effect generates a unique appeal to the market segments that the marketing campaign is attempting to target. It must also be noted that the YouTube stars in question could also be potentially convinced to host their shows with a live background of the resort. This enables the marketing campaign to more effectively capture a larger audience without having to increase the amount of money paid to the YouTube star since they are already on an all expenses paid free vacation. Summary Overall, it can be seen that Japan is a country that is rich in cultural heritage and possesses attractions that would cause a significant degree of wonder and amazement for any tourist from the U.A.E. It is truly beautiful and amazing and one that I myself would love to visit in the near future. It must be noted though that at the present the country lacks a significant enough online presence and is still considered one of the most expensive places to take a vacation. It is based on this that it is highly recommended that the country attempt several new ways in which it can develop its online presence, especially through social media, and devise a way that it can make its local services cheaper for tourists in order to increase the amount of foreign visitors into the country. B uckley Jr., Peter J., Hafiz Mirza, and Stephen F. Witt. Japans International Tourism In The Context Of Its International Economic Relations. Service Industries Journal  9.3 (1989): 357-383.EBSCOhost.Web. Choong-ki, Lee. The Impact Of Visa-Free Entry On Outbound Tourism: A Case Study Of South Korean Travellers Visiting Japan. Tourism Geographies 12.2 (2010): 302-323. EBSCOhost. Web. Foster, M. D. What Time Is This Picture? Cameraphones, Tourism, And The Digital Gaze In Japan. Social Identities 15.3 (2009): 351-372. EBSCOhost. Web. Francis-Lindsay, Janice. The Intrinsic Value Of Cultural Heritage And Its Relationship To Sustainable Tourism Development: The Contrasting Experiences Of Jamaica And Japan. Caribbean Quarterly 55.2 (2009): 151-168. EBSCOhost. Web. Hall, Kenji. Get Sick, Visit Japan. Businessweek 4143 (2009): 19. EBSCOhost. Web. Hiwasaki, Lisa. Community-Based Tourism: A Pathway To Sustainability For Japans Protected Areas. Society Natural Resources 19.8 (2006): 675-692. EBSCOhost.Web. Hiwasaki, Lisa. Tourism In Japans Parks And Protected Areas: Challenges And Potential For Sustainable Development. International Review For Environmental  Strategies 4.1 (2003): 107-126. EBSCOhost. Web. Japan. Travel Tourism Forecast Asia Australasia (2005): 58-63.  EBSCOhost. Web. Japan: Market Profile. Travel Tourism Forecast World (2004): 186-190.  EBSCOhost. Web. Uzama, Austin. Marketing Japans Travel And Tourism Industry To International Tourists. International Journal Of Contemporary Hospitality Management 21.3 (2009): 356-365. EBSCOhost. Web.