Definition and Examples of Sarcasm

Sarcasm is a mocking, often ironic or satirical remark, sometimes intended to wound as well as amuse. Adjective: sarcastic. A person adept at using sarcasm is sarcastic. Also known in rhetoric as  sarcasm and the bitter taunt. Sarcasm, says  John Haiman,   is  a particularly transparent variety  of cheap talk or hot air insofar as the speaker is overtly meaning (and saying) the opposite of what he or she ostensibly claims to be saying (Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language, 1998). Pronunciation: sar-KAZ-um ​​​Etymology: From the Greek, bite the lips in rage Examples and Observations Oh, a sarcasm detector. That’s a really useful invention!(Comic Book Guy, The SimpsonsOh, Lou, my mother would whine, dressed for a cocktail party in her muted, earth-tone caftan. Youre not going to wear that, are you?Whats wrong with this? hed ask. These pants are brand-new.New to you, shed say. Pimps and circus clowns have been dressing that way for years.(David Sedaris, The Womens Open. Naked. Little, Brown and Company, 1997Dr. House: So youre treating professional sports injuries now?Patient: Oh, no, Im not . . .Dr. House: . . . familiar with the concept of sarcasm. Dont sweat it, its new.(Dying Changes Everything, House, M.D.Abed: Another muffin basket, from another actress who wants to be in my next film.Jeff: Does that work?Abed: Yep. Meryl Streep has two Oscars because of her baking. Ah, thats sarcasm, but I forgot to inflect. This sounds way more like sarcasm. Inflection is so interesting.[Abed should have said intonation, not inflection.](Danny Pudi as Abed and Joel McHale as Jeff in Communication Studies. Community, Feb. 11, 2010Neither irony or sarcasm is argument.(Samuel Butler)First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic. Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.(John Haiman, Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language. Oxford University Press, 1998 Irony and Sarcasm Classical rhetoricians admired irony as a rhetorical device primarily because of its ability to engage the audiences interest. . . .However, as Aristotle pointed out, irony frequently implies contempt for its target and therefore it must be used carefully. Moreover, while Aristotle observed that irony befit[s] a gentleman, he warns that to be most effective, [t]he jests of the ironical man [should be] at his own expense, not at the expense of others. . . .For example, when [Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Antonin Scalia accuses] the Court of misleadingly describing its previous sex-classification cases, Scalias sarcasm is patent: The wonderful thing about these statements is that they are not actually false--just as it would not be actually false to say that our cases have thus far reserved the beyond a reasonable doubt standard of proof for criminal cases, or that we have not equated tort actions, for all purposes to criminal prosecutions. He is equally sarcastic elsewhere.(Michael H. Frost, Introduction to Classical Legal Rhetoric: A Lost Heritage. Ashgate, 2005) Contrary to frequent usage, irony, the device, does not always communicate sarcasm, the effect. The speaker or authors rhetorical goal may be anything from gentle humor, intended to produce a mutual laugh and so establish rapport between speaker and hearer, to corrosive derision meant to insult the audience or reduce a target to a smoking ruin. What is attempted or achieved (the speech act or illocutionary dimension of the utterance) depends, as always, on the variables of the rhetorical situation, and on how the device and its detection contribute to those variables.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion. Oxford Univ. Press, 2011)Let it be first provided that this figure (sarcasmus) be not used without some great cause which may well deserve it, as arrogancie, insolent pride, wilfull folly, shamefull lecherie, ridiculous avarice, or such like, for it is both folly and rudenesse to use derision without cause: but to mocke silly people, innocents, or men in misery, or the poore in distresse, argueth both the pride of the mind, and the crueltie of the heart.(Henry Peachum, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593)Adrian Monk: This is my assistant, Sharona.Ambrose Monk: Hello, we spoke on the phone.Adrian Monk: Oh, so you can dial a telephone! I was worried. I thought you might be paralyzed, or something.Ambrose Monk: I wasnt paralyzed.Adrian Monk: I was being sarcastic.Ambrose Monk: You were being sardonic. Sarcasm is a contemptuous ironic statement. You were being mockingly derisive. Thats sardonic.(Tony Shalhoub and John Turturro in Mr. Monk and the Three Pies. Monk, 2004)Whatever the reason, I was saddled with this strange name, which meant that I was constantly, constantly, being serenaded with the sometimes you feel like a nut Almond Joy/Mounds jingle, which I would have liked to quote in full, except that Hersheys legal staff denied me permission. I can certainly understand why. God only knows what ruin might befall Hersheys if this j ingle--which hasnt been used in two decades--were suddenly brazenly resurrected by a young Jewish candy freak. One shudders to consider the fallout for the entire fragile candy-trademark-jingle trademark ecosystem.(Steve Almond, Candyfreak, 2004)Sarcasm is related to our ability to understand other peoples mental state. It is not just a linguistic form; it is also related to social cognition.(Dr. Shannon-Tsoory, qtd. by David Adam, Highest Brain Areas Spot Lowest Form of Wit. The Guardian, June 2, 2005)Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the devil; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it.(Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, 1833-34) The Lighter Side of Sarcasm Teen 1: Oh, here comes that cannonball guy. Hes cool.Teen 2: Are you being sarcastic, dude?Teen 1: I dont even know anymore.Homerpalooza, The Simpsons) Leonard: You convinced me. Maybe tonight we should sneak in and shampoo her carpet.Sheldon: You dont think that crosses the line?Leonard: Yes. For Gods sake, Sheldon, do I have to hold up a sarcasm sign every time I open my mouth?Sheldon: You have a sarcasm sign?(Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons in The Big Bran Hypothesis. The Big Bang Theory, 2007)Leonard: Hey, Penny. Hows work?Penny: Great! I hope Im a waitress at the Cheesecake Factory for my whole life!Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: No.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: Yes.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Leonard: Stop it!(Johnny Galecki, Kaley Cuoco, and Jim Parsons in The Financial Permeability. The Big Bang Theory, 2009)

Born February 12, 1809, Charles Robert Darwin Was An English

Born February 12, 1809, Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. Best known for his bold scientific approach in explaining â€Å"transmutation† or evolution, as it is recently termed, of natural selection. Formulating his theory secretly from 1837-39, after returning aboard the HMS Beagle from a voyage around the world. Charles Darwin published his evolution theory, in his book entitled ‘On the Origin of Species’ two decades after his return in 1959. Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory or Darwinism is considered to be the â€Å"change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations, as a result of natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals, and resulting in the development of new†¦show more content†¦Others believe in Darwin’s theory of natural selection, where it all started about five millions year ago. It is said that there were once apes, different to the known species of the 20th century that advanced genetically as time progressed. Beliefs are held that these apes or Hominines evolved becoming bipedal causing them to walk up right, and their babies to be twisted and turned to pass through the birth canal. Overtime their cognitive abilities allowed them to generate new ideas to build new tools that also increased survival and reproduction. Darwin believed that humans, apes and chimpanzees all share a common ancestry. â€Å"The recent sequencing of the gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo genomes confirms that supposition and provides a clearer view of how we are connected: chimps and bonobos in particular take pride of place as our nearest living relatives, sharing approximately 99 percent of our DNA, with gorillas trailing at 98 percent† (Wong, 2014). Fossil records today strengthen Darwin’s theory as results concluded that the phylogenic of species and ontogeny of human s evolved from an organism known as the great ape or Hominid- a large tailless primitive that lived 7 million years ago. Darwin’s theory of evolution contains some basic biological principles as it relates to natural selection and contributes to survival, these includes: 1. Variation-Show MoreRelatedDr. Charles. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 Pages Dr. Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. He is best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution. He stated that all species have descended over time from common ancestors. With his joint publication with Alfred Russell Wallace he introduced the process called natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859 with a book, On the Origin of Species; many people rejected his idea of natural selection and his theory of evolution. 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While Darwin was still in high school, his main interest was nature, he was especially interested in beetles. Darwin’s father, Robert Darwin, who was best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin, wanted Charles to become a doctor. Due to lack on interest in the medicine field, Charles went into Cambridge University toRead MoreCharles Darwin And Jean Baptiste Lamarck, Beliefs Opinions And Theories Of Evolution1341 Words   |  6 Pagesscientists, Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, beliefs opinions and theories of evolution will be deconstructed. Charles Darwin’s theory â€Å"It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change† (good reads, Origin of the species quotes, 2016) Charles Robert Darwin, was an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory. Born on the 12 February 1809, United Kingdom, Darwin wrote his discoveriesRead MoreCharles Darwin And Evolution Of Humans1643 Words   |  7 PagesTiger Sikka Mr. Pimentel WCIV-H May 4th 2015 Charles Darwin (Intro) A man named Charles Darwin forever changed the world, especially within western civilizations. The idea of how humans and animals came to be was very confusing and there was no set reason of this. People forever wondered how they came to be on this planet. Many different ideas and theories were made, but there was no scientific reasoning on exactly the way humans and animals are here. Today, the theory is still in debate. It is

Economics Analysis of Iphone free essay sample

iPhone 5 on the economy is discussed. As everyone already knows, we are still in a great economic recession. It is estimated, however, that the selling of the iPhone to consumers will add approximately 3 billion dollars to the US economy by the end of this year. Within this article, the concept of economic growth is prevalent. With the expected 3 billion dollars expected to be added to the US economy, this would add approximately 1/3 of a percentage point to our economy’s economic growth rate by the end of this year. Compared to the iPhone sales last year for the iPhone 4s, they added approximately . 1-. 2 of a percentage point to the country’s economic growth, which is less than the expected earnings of the iphone 5. The US economic growth rate for this year with the aid of the iPhone 5 is predicted to be somewhere between 2 to 2. percent. This is pretty weak, but factors such as the quality of the product, the quantity supplied, the quantity demanded, and popularity of the good nonetheless is contributing to the country’s overall economic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Analysis of Iphone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Going back to the statement of this percentage growth is still pretty week, this is explained when Zandi explains that increased spending on iPhones would mean decreased spending on other things. This can be related to the concept of opportunity cost. For example, if Mary were to spend money on a $200 16GB iPhone 5, then she would have to give up buying those 2 pairs of shoes that she’s been eyeing down at the mall. Another economic concept demonstrated is the effect of quantity demanded of a good on one of its goods complements. With the sales of iPhones going up, then there would be an increased demand for iPhone cases, chargers, earphones, etc because they are complements to the iPhone itself. It is clear that the iPhone 5 is an incredibly popular product already and this article explains the effect of it on the economy today.

Vergils Aenied Essays - Roman Mythology, Aeneid, Euryalus, Virgil

Vergil's Aenied Within the Aeneid, there are many themes contained in the text. One of them is the death of the good and the young in battle. This recurring theme seems to be prevalent in Vergils epic because it most definitely occurs in all battles. When there is battle, there are consequences. Most often these consequence are the death of someone who is seen as not yet ready to die because they are good or young. In Book IX of the Aeneid, lines 402-545, a battle scene and the events leading to it are depicted. Ascanius is leading a troop of Trojan soldiers who want to pass through a place that was unrightfully conquered by Rhamnes. One Trojan decides to single handedly make a path through this place. As the Trojan passes through, he kills many Romans. The Trojan, Euryalus, kills Rhamnes and his slaves. He then kills Remus armor-bearer, charioteer, and horses. Lastly, Euryalus comes upon the lord, Remus. Vergil begins to describe the beheading of Remus, done by none other then Remus, Full on his neck he drives the fatal sword: the gasping head flies off; a purple flood flows from the trunk. Euryalus then kills Lamus, the bold, and Lamyrus, the strong. Euryalus also kills the young Serranus, a good-natured young man who may not have deserved to die. Vergil includes this certain murder in particular because it shows that war shows no mercy, no matter how young or how good. The slaughter in this scene is ended only at the hand of Nisus, Euryalus lover, who proclaims there has been enough blood lust and murder. The group leaves the battle scene with nothing, for they leave the precious load behind. Soon we see that a young boy is left behind because he wants to take some of the bounty that was left from the battle. As Euryalus and Nisus have been gone for some time, Euryalus realizes he has left the boy behind and he retraces his path. When he returns he sees the boy surrounded by three hundred horse lead by Volscens. Euryalus only choice is to shoot an arrow through the boy so that he would not have to suffer at the hands of his captors. Euryalus believes he is rightful in his decision. This again shows how the good and the young do die in battle. This, holding true to the old clich?, all is fair in love and war. In Book XI, lines 818-831, the tale of the turning of fate and the death of a young maiden, Camilla, is told. Camillas father, Metabus was forced from Privernum, and took his daughter so she wouldnt be harmed. While fleeing through the woods, Metabus comes within sight of his enemies. Not knowing what to do, he thinks of jumping into a stream, but stops to think. He decides to bound his daughter within a hollow wooden sheath, and gives his daughter up to the goddess, Phoebe. This story is told by Phoebe and says that once Metabus did this, Then she(Camilla)had been of my celestial train, and shunned the fate that dooms her to be slain. Unfortunately, an older Camilla decided to go into battle and was eventually murdered. Phoebe vows to avenge her murder and bear the brethless body of my maid: Unspoiled shall be her arms, and unprotaned her holy limbs with any human hand. Although Camilla was good and young, and had her fate diverted by the intervention of Phoebe, she was killed. This passage is truly an example of one of the Aeneids many themes: the death of the good and young in battle. Poetry Essays

Vikings Essays (717 words) - Vikings, Viking, Longship, Norsemen

Vikings Vikings One of the most interesting and misconceived groups of all time were the Vikings. The Vikings were the most feared of all the barbaric invaders. The people who originated from Scandinavia, which in today's world are the countries of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden were called Norsemen. The Norsemen who took part in raids along the coast of Europe were called Vikings. These men were some of the great sea traders and warriors of all time. The word Viking originated from the Norse language. Vik in Norse means "harbor" or "bay". These Vikings became powerful at about 740 AD and lasted till about 1050 AD. One major reason they stayed in power was there ability to travel using the Seas and Oceans in Europe. The Vikings biggest reason for being skillful seamen was their Longships. Long, narrow ships packed with warriors helped a few ships conquer coastal cities. The Longship was made of wood and was approximately thirty meters long. The boats could hold at least 120 people because there were about 30 rowing benches on each side of the boat. Early Viking voyages consisted of raiding Christian churches and monasteries and robing and burning harmless villages. The Vikings usually had superior weapons and were well trained. Hence, they usually got what they wanted from these powerless villages. After the raid they would return to their ships and sail home. As time went on, trading with other European countries grew. Scandinavian countries sent salt, herring, and slaves they acquire from Russia to Constantinople, modern day Istanbul. In return they received silk and spices. During their time old trade routes between east and west through the Mediterranean were closed or too dangerous to sail. The Vikings kept the trade route between Byzantium and the west open. They did this by using Kiev and Russia. Home life in Viking culture was different than other barbaric groups at the time. Because of their trading, the Vikings incorporated different ideas from the countries they traded with. The native dress of the Vikings was similar for both sexes. Both men and women wore fur or woolen hats and cloaks. The Vikings had few meals that are still made today. Some of these Viking foods are shortbread, porridge, and meat soup. Education was not a major emphasis on life. Since, there were no public schools, children were taught at home by their mother or nurse. Girls learned how to spin, weave, dye clothes, and to cook and clean just to name a few things. Boys played games such as wrestling and fencing. Once a boy turned 15 or 16 he was encouraged to join a ship and try their luck at battle. After two or three successful voyages most Viking males had enough money and a high enough noble rank to retire and give their sons the opportunity to go into battle. The Vikings had a very advanced government for a barbaric group of people. They basically had a Medieval democracy, with an assembly that acted as court and legislative body. There was also a king of each tribal group, which was how the Vikings lived. In 930 the oldest recorded Assembly occurred in Iceland. This assembly was called the Althing. Religion also had a great influence on the Viking culture. Vikings had a polytheist belief, which consisted of many warrior gods. One of the major gods in the Viking culture was Odin, the chief god, who proceeded over Valhalwhla, which is the warrior's heaven. Only through death in battle could a warrior enter Valhalla. Thus warriors fought unafraid and with pride. When a Viking died he was buried with many things that he might need in his journey to the Valhalla. Hence, Viking graves often contain Arab silver, Byzantine silks, Frankish weapons, Rhenish glass, and other products of an extensive trade. Just before 1000 AD King Olaf of Norway converted to Christianity and was baptized. He then made a public law that any Viking that did not convert to Christianity was put to death so most Vikings became Christians. In conclusion, I have shown that the Vikings were a very interesting culture. They had an advanced way of attacking enemies and raiding communities using their incredible ships and warrior skills. They were a group of people who changed the way people did things for many generations after their reign. Bibliography The Vikings. The Viking Network. 16 October 1996 http://humanities.uchicago.edu/romance/port/>. "Vikings." Compton's Encyclopedia Online. Vers. 2.0. 1997. America Online. 11 November 1998. Keyword: Compton's. Spoon, Andrew. Vikings. 12 November 1996 http://www.spoon.demon.co.uk/vikes/index.htm>.

The True Story Of A Black Youths Essays - Mark Mathabane

The True Story Of A Black Youths Essays - Mark Mathabane The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa Mark Mathabane I. Main Characters A. Johannes (Mark) MathabaneKaffir Boy revolves around Johannes for the simple reason that he is the author of this book. Growing up in Johannesburg, South Africa was especially hard for Johannes. Johannes is very smart and graduated at the top of his class during his 13 years of schooling in apartheid South Africa. Johannes has had a lot of courage and perseverance throughout his life. B. Jackson MathabaneJohannes's father came from what is now the so-called independent homeland of the Vendas in the northwestern corner of the Transvaal. Johannes's father tried desperately to support his family, but in times of dire need, he backed away and depended on alcohol and abusive behaviors. Johannes's parents met and married in Alexandra on March 21, 1960. C. MotherJohannes's mother came from Gazankulu, the tribal reserve for the Tsongas in the Northeastern Transvaal. She is a very loving and devoted woman. D. Johannes's siblingsJohannes has five sisters and one brother. His sisters names are Florah, Linah, Maria, Merriam, and Linah. George was his only brother. E. Ellen MabasoEllen was the mother of Johannes's mother. She was a humble woman who bore four children: Uncle Piet, Aunt Bush, Uncle Cheeks, and Johannes's mother. she had a statuesque figuretall, limber, and ebony colored complete with tribal attire and multiple anklets, beads, earrings and bracelets. She could easily been a chief's daughter. Her friendly, brown eyes had the radiance of pristine pearls. She was the most beautiful woman Johannes had ever seen. She worked six days a week, from seven to five, mowing lawns, raking leaves, clipping hedges, watering plants, sweeping driveways, cleaning yards and pruning trees for white people. F. Mr. BrownMr. Brown was one of the few people in the yard where the Mathabane's lived with the equivalent of a high-school education. He was a bus driver for PUTCO, but he also operated a moving service that transported people and goods between Alexandra and the tribal reserve of the Vendas. G. Mrs. SmithMrs. Smith was Granny's employer. She was a short, slender woman with silver hair and slightly drooping shoulders. Granny was the Smith's gardener. H. Clyde SmithClyde is the son of the woman who Granny works for. He is a young boy who is somewhat of a snob. As he grows, he learns to like Johannes and they become friends. I. ScaramoucheScaramouche was a self-employed painter. He was also one of the best tennis players among people of color in Johannesburg. An excellent coach, he was well connected in white and black tennis circles. He agreed to be Johannes' coach. Scaramouche turned out to not only be a great coach but a confidant and a surrogate father. He was firm and demanding but not authoritative and stifling. Instead of teaching Johannes his style of play, he let Johannes acquire his own way. J. TomIn June of 1972, Johannes met Tom. He is a lanky Zulu tennis player. He was very harmless-looking K. Wilfred HornWilfred married to Norma. He respects black people and owns a tennis ranch in Halfway House called Barretts. He was a German immigrant. L. Arthur AsheArthur Ashe was a Negro tennis player that Johannes admired very much. he condemned apartheid and did not pretend he was a white man erroneously painted black. Arthur always appeared calm, cool, and collected, even when he was surrounded in a sea of white faces. M. DavidDavid was the number two singles player on the tennis team. He was soft-spoken, politically sensitive, and a brilliant Zulu student whose love for the English language exhaled Johannes's. Johannes and David frequently exchanged books, did English homework together, read prose and poetry together, trained together, and sat on the same seat during tennis trips. David was the first close friend Johannes ever had. The only difference between David and Johannes was that David was a womanizer. N. HelmutHelmut was a short, brown-haired bespectacled white man with a barrel chest. He was always dressed in flashy clothing. He came from a small town in Germany and was working for a German company in South Africa only a few months before he met Johannes. He turned out to be a horrible tennis player, but good practice

National Income Determination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Income Determination - Assignment Example One economist argued that confidence in economic agents could at times be considered as a social capital (Godley, 2009). Therefore, an increase in confidence of economic agents should always affect the macroeconomic variables positively. Consumer confidence – a higher confidence by the consumers will always facilitate them to spend more. Interest rates – it always influence cost of borrowing and mortgage interest payments. Higher interest rates will automatically increase cost of spending on mortgages. Availability of market – the increase in population constantly increases the demand for products that are specifically supporting the modern technology. Investors therefore identify such opportunities and utilize them effectively. Consumer and investor trend reports will automatically affect my spending. This is because i will spend focusing on factors that may hinder my satisfaction as a consumer. I will therefore appropriately plan with the amount of money I have at hand. GDP refers to the measure of total value of all goods produced and services provided in a country during a specific time, which is always one year. For an item to be included in the GDP, it has to be something that is produced within the borders of a country, should not be used to produce other goods and it should be legal. The exclusion therefore does not make GDP less